Dag Endresen

• de Koning, Koen; Broekhuijsen, Jeroen; Kühn, Ingolf; Ovaskainen, Otso Tapio; Taubert, Franziska & Endresen, Dag [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2023). Digital twins: dynamic model-data fusion for ecology. Trends in Ecology & Evolution. ISSN 0169-5347. 38(10), p. 916–926. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2023.04.010. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Digital twins (DTs) are an emerging phenomenon in the public and private sectors as a new tool to monitor and understand systems and processes. DTs have the potential to change the status quo in ecology as part of its digital transformation. However, it is important to avoid misguided developments by managing expectations about DTs. We stress that DTs are not just big models of everything, containing big data and machine learning. Rather, the strength of DTs is in combining data, models, and domain knowledge, and their continuous alignment with the real world. We suggest that researchers and stakeholders exercise caution in DT development, keeping in mind that many of the strengths and challenges of computational modelling in ecology also apply to DTs.

• Parker-Allie, Fatima; Pando, Francisco; Telenius, Anders; Ganglo, Jean C.; Vélez, Danny & Gibbons, Mark John [Show all 17 contributors for this article] (2021). Towards a Post-Graduate Level Curriculum for Biodiversity Informatics. Perspectives from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) Community. Biodiversity Data Journal. ISSN 1314-2836. 9(e68010). doi: 10.3897/BDJ.9.e68010. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Biodiversity informatics is a new and evolving field, requiring efforts to develop capacity and a curriculum for this field of science. The main objective was to summarise the level of activity and the efforts towards developing biodiversity informatics curricula, for work-based training and/or academic teaching at universities, taking place within the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) countries and its associated network. A survey approach was used to identify existing capacities and resources within the network. Most of GBIF Nodes survey respondents (80%) are engaged in onsite training activities, with a focus on work-based professionals, mostly researchers, policy-makers and students. Training topics include data mobilisation, digitisation, management, publishing, analysis and use, to enable the accessibility of analogue and digital biological data that currently reside as scattered datasets. An initial assessment of academic teaching activities highlighted that countries in most regions, to varying degrees, were already engaged in the conceptualisation, development and/or implementation of formal academic programmes in biodiversity informatics, including programmes in Benin, Colombia, Costa Rica, Finland, France, India, Norway, South Africa, Sweden, Taiwan and Togo. Digital e-learning platforms were an important tool to help build capacity in many countries. In terms of the potential in the Nodes network, 60% expressed willingness to be recruited or commissioned for capacity enhancement purposes. Contributions and activities of various country nodes across the network have been highlighted and a working curriculum framework has been defined.

• Prylutskyi, Oleh; Abrahamyan, Armine; Voronova, Nina; Aloyan, Tatevik; Borodin, Oleg & Darmostuk, Valerii [Show all 33 contributors for this article] (2019). BioDATA - Biodiversity Data for Internationalisation in Higher Education. Research Ideas and Outcomes (RIO). ISSN 2367-7163. 5. doi: 10.3897/rio.5.e36276. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  BioDATA is an international project on developing skills in biodiversity data management and data publishing. Between 2018 and 2021, undergraduate and postgraduate students from Armenia, Belarus, Tajikistan, and Ukraine, have an opportunity to take part in the intensive courses to become certified professionals in biodiversity data management. They will gain practical skills and obtain appropriate knowledge on: international data standards (Darwin Core); data cleaning software, data publishing software such as the Integrated Publishing Toolkit (IPT), and preparation of data papers. Working with databases, creating datasets, managing data for statistical analyses and publishing research papers are essential for the everyday tasks of a modern biologist. At the same time, these skills are rarely taught in higher education. Most of the contemporary professionals in biodiversity have to gain these skills independently, through colleagues, or through supervision. In addition, all the participants familiarize themselves with one of the important international research data infrastructures such as the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). The project is coordinated by the University of Oslo (Norway) and supported by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). The project is funded by the Norwegian Agency for International Cooperation and Quality Enhancement in Higher Education (DIKU).

• Fitzgerald, Heli; Palmé, Anna; Asdal, Åsmund; Endresen, Dag Terje Filip; Kiviharju, Elina & Lund, Birgitte [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2019). A regional approach to Nordic crop wild relative in situ conservation planning. Plant genetic resources. ISSN 1479-2621. 17(2), p. 196–207. doi: 10.1017/S147926211800059X. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Crop wild relatives (CWR) can provide one solution to future challenges on food security, sustainable agriculture and adaptation to climate change. Diversity found in CWR can be essential for adapting crops to these new demands. Since the need to improve in situ conservation of CWR has been recognized by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) (2010) and the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (2011–2020), it is important to develop ways to safeguard these important genetic resources. The Nordic flora includes many species related to food, forage and other crop groups, but little has been done to systematically secure these important wild resources. A Nordic regional approach to CWR conservation planning provided opportunities to network, find synergies, share knowledge, plan the conservation and give policy inputs on a regional level. A comprehensive CWR checklist for the Nordic region was generated and then prioritized by socio-economic value and utilization potential. Nordic CWR checklist was formed of 2553 taxa related to crop plants. Out of these, 114 taxa including 83 species were prioritized representing vegetable, cereal, fruit, berry, nut and forage crop groups. The in situ conservation planning of the priority CWR included ecogeographic and complementarity analyses to identify a potential network of genetic reserve sites in the region. Altogether 971,633 occurrence records of the priority species were analysed. A minimum number of sites within and outside existing conservation areas were identified that had the potential to support a maximum number of target species of maximum intraspecific diversity.

• Bari, Abdallah; Khazaei, Hamid; Stoddard, Frederick L.; Street, Kenneth; Sillanpää, Mikko J. & Chaubey, Yogen P. [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2015). In silico evaluation of plant genetic resources to search for traits for adaptation to climate change. Climatic Change. ISSN 0165-0009. 134(4), p. 667–680. doi: 10.1007/s10584-015-1541-9. Show summary

  Plant genetic resources display patterns resulting from ecological and co-evolutionary processes. Such patterns are instrumental in tracing the origin and diversity of crops and locating adaptive traits. With climate change and the anticipated increase in demand for food, new crop varieties will be needed to perform under unprecedented climatic conditions. In the present study, we explored genetic resources patterns to locate traits of adaptation to drought and to maximize the utilization of plant genetic resources lacking ex ante evaluation for emerging climate conditions. This approach is based on the use of mathematical models to predict traits as response variables driven by stochastic ecological and co-evolutionary processes. The high congruence of metrics between model predictions and empirical trait evaluations confirms in silico evaluation as an effective tool to manage large numbers of crop accessions lacking ex ante evaluation. This outcome will assist in developing cultivars adaptable to various climatic conditions and in the ultimate use of genetic resources to sustain agricultural productivity under conditions of climate change.

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• Chala, Desalegn ; Kusch, Erik; Andrew, Carrie; Torma, Michal; Johaadien, Rukaya Sarah & Kehel, Zakaria [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2024). BioDT Hackathon: Second End-Users Workshop, January 2024. Show summary

  Three-day hackathon titled Harnessing Digital Twinning for Sustainable Agriculture: Predictive Characterisation and Conservation of Crop Wild Relatives, takes place from January 23rd to 25th, 2024 in Oslo, Norway. The event, promises to unravel the immense potential of digital twinning in revolutionizing global agricultural practices.

• Endresen, Dag (2024). Accessing and publishing marine biodiversity data in GBIF and OBIS. Show summary

  Webinar about Digital Twins of the Ocean and Biodiversity - plenary presentation of data publication in OBIS and GBIF.

• Endresen, Dag & Raes, Niels (2024). Biodiversity monitoring data via GBIF.
• Islam, Sharif; Koivula, Hanna; Endresen, Dag; Kusch, Erik; Schigel, Dmitry & Addink, Wouter (2023). Data Standards and Interoperability Challenges for Biodiversity Digital Twin: A novel and transformative approach to biodiversity research and application. Biodiversity Information Science and Standards (BISS). ISSN 2535-0897. 7. doi: 10.3897/biss.7.112373. Show summary

  The Biodiversity Digital Twin (BioDT) project (2022-2025) aims to create prototypes that integrate various data sets, models, and expert domain knowledge enabling prediction capabilities and decision-making support for critical issues in biodiversity dynamics. While digital twin concepts have been applied in industries for continuous monitoring of physical phenomena, their application in biodiversity and environmental sciences presents novel challenges (Bauer et al. 2021, de Koning et al. 2023). In addition, successfully developing digital twins for biodiversity requires addressing interoperability challenges in data standards. BioDT is developing prototype digital twins based on use cases that span various data complexities, from point occurrence data to bioacoustics, covering nationwide forest states to specific communities and individual species. The project relies on FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) and FAIR enabling resources like standards and vocabularies (Schultes et al. 2020) to enable the exchange, sharing, and reuse of biodiversity information, fostering collaboration among participating research infrastructures (DiSSCo, eLTER, GBIF, and LifeWatch) and data providers. It also involves creating a harmonised abstraction layer using Persistent Identifiers (PID) and FAIR Digital Object (FDO) records, alongside semantic mapping and crosswalk techniques to provide machine-actionable metadata (Schultes and Wittenburg 2019, Schwardmann 2020). Governance and engagement with research infrastructure stakeholders play crucial roles in this regard, with a focus on aligning technical and data standards discussions. In addition to data, models and workflows are key elements in BioDT. Models in the BioDT context are formal representations of problems or processes, implemented through equations, algorithms, or a combination of both, which can be executed by machine entities. The current twin prototypes are considering both statistical and mechanistic models, introducing significant variations in (1) data requirements, (2) modelling approaches and philosophy, and (3) model output. The BioDT consortium will develop guidelines and protocols for how to describe these models, what metadata to include, and how they will interact with the diverse datasets. While discussions on this topic exist within the broader context of biodiversity and ecological sciences (Jeltsch et al. 2013, Fer et al. 2020), the BioDT project is strongly committed to finding a solution within its scope. In the twinning context, data and models need to be executed within a computing infrastructure and also need to adhere to FAIR principles. Software within BioDT includes a suite of tools that facilitate data acquisition, storage, processing, and analysis. While some of these tools already exist, the challenge lies in integrating them within the digital twinning framework. One approach to achieving integration is through workflow representation, encompassing standardised procedures and protocols that guide the acquisition, packaging, processing, and analysis of data. The project is exploring Research Object Crate (RO-Crate) implementation for this (Soiland-Reyes et al. 2022). Implementing workflows can ensure reproducibility, scalability, and transparency in research practices, enabling scientists to validate and replicate findings. The BioDT project offers a novel and transformative approach to biodiversity research and application. By leveraging collaborative research infrastructures and adhering to data standards, BioDT aims to harness the power of data, software, supercomputers, models, and expertise to provide new insights. The foundation provided by the data standards, including those of Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG), is crucial in realising the full potential of digital twins, facilitating the seamless integration of diverse data sources and combinations with models.

• Bonchev, Georgi; Kamenova, Stefaniya; Wirta, Helena; de Boer, Hugo; Endresen, Dag & Frøslev, Tobias Guldberg [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2023). Course on DNA barcode data in BOLD and GBIF - Bulgaria. Show summary

  Accelerating biodiversity research through DNA barcodes, collection, and observation data. Regional Training course for M.Sc. and Ph.D. students with expert trainers and trainers-in-training - Bulgaria

• Endresen, Dag & Miller, Joe (2023). Overview of the Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Show summary

  GBIF Norway and the GBIF Secretariat were invited as speakers at the Plant Treaty (ITPGRFA) fifth meeting of the Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC) of the Global Information System (GLIS) in Rome from 8th to 9th May 2023.

• Endresen, Dag (2023). Biodiversity ontologies. Show summary

  GBIF Norway was invited to the UiO Digital Scholar Centre Data Managers Network to present how we use biodiversity ontologies.

• Endresen, Dag (2023). Presentation of the Biodiversity Digital Twin (BioDT) project for the University of Oslo (UiO) Natural History Museum (NHMO) Department of Research and Collections on 2023-03-24. Show summary

  Presentation of the Biodiversity Digital Twin (BioDT) project for the University of Oslo (UiO) Natural History Museum (NHMO) Department of Research and Collections on 2023-03-24.

• Kongshavn, Katrine; Endresen, Dag; Johaadien, Rukaya Sarah; Bakken, Vidar & Torma, Michal (2023). University Museum of Bergen - Data publication workshop. Show summary

  The Norwegian Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) node and the University Museum of Bergen welcomes you to a 2-day workshop to publish biodiversity data as Darwin Core Archives on March 13-14th, 2023.

• Endresen, Dag; Bakken, Vidar & Mckay, Reed April (2023). Data and Stats Forum at MINA NMBU. Show summary

  GBIF—the Global Biodiversity Information Facility—is an international network and data infrastructure funded by the world's governments and aimed at providing anyone, anywhere, open access to data about all types of life on Earth. Data available through the GBIF portal are primarily distribution data on plants, animals, fungi, and microbes for the world, and scientific names data. The workshop will demonstrate how you can access different types of biodiversity data published through the GBIF platform. And we will also have a brief "bring-your-own-data" workshop to demonstrate how you can publish your own research data to the GBIF platform and get a dataset DOI with data citation tracking services to follow what your dataset is reused for and by whom.

• Kusch, Erik & Endresen, Dag (2023). BioDT task 4.3 kickoff workshop. Show summary

  The BioDT task 4.3 kickoff was organized at the GBIF Europe and Central Asia regional nodes meeting in Warsaw 17th and 18th of May 2023.

• Endresen, Dag & Tykarski, Piotr (2023). Europe and Central Asia Nodes meeting 2023. Show summary

  The 2023 regional GBIF Europe and Central Asia Nodes meeting (ECA2023) in Warsaw, 15-18 May 2023.

• Marsden, Luke; Johaadien, Rukaya Sarah; Torma, Michal & Endresen, Dag (2023). Marine data publishing workshop. Show summary

  The Norwegian Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) node, in collaboration with the Nansen Legacy project, 2-day workshop to help you publish your biodiversity data as Darwin Core Archives! This is a fantastic opportunity to work on your data with the assistance of experts who are involved in developing the Darwin Core standards.

• Halbritter Rechsteiner, Aud Helen; Grainger, Matthew; Telford, Richard James; Kusch, Erik; Nilsen, Erlend Birkeland & Andrew, Carrie [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2023). Living Norway Course on Open, Reproducible and Transparent Science in Ecology. Show summary

  Universities, journals, and funding bodies increasingly demand open and reproducible research practices across the scientific community. Research data needs to be FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable), workflows need to be reproducible, and science needs to be transparent. This aims to improve the efficiency and quality of research and thus to increase the credibility of science. This course offers hands-on training on methods and technologies to make research more open, reproducible and transparent. The course is centred around the life-cycle of data from planning, managing, collecting, curating, analysing, publishing, storing, sharing and reusing data. It is aimed at PhD students (will be prioritised) as well as early-career researchers in ecology, who produce their own data (i.e. collect data in the field/lab), use data from others (i.e. databases) or both.

• Melteig, Elina; Endresen, Dag; de Boer, Hugo; Khodosovtsev, Alexander & Moysiyenko, Ivan (2023). Mens bombene falt, snek forskerne ut en unik herbariesamling fra Kherson. [Internet]. Forkning.no. Show summary

  Hva var det som fikk forskere til å risikere livet i Ukraina for en objektsamling? Kherson State University i Ukraina har et unikt herbarium med 30.000 objekter. Forskerne hadde for lengst blitt evakuert. Likevel våget de seg tilbake mens krigen herjet rundt dem.

• Islam, Sharif; Koivula, Hanna; Endresen, Dag; Kusch, Erik; Schigel, Dmitry & Addink, Wouter (2023). Data Standards and Interoperability Challenges for Biodiversity Digital Twin: A novel and transformative approach to biodiversity research and application. Show summary

  The Biodiversity Digital Twin (BioDT) project (2022-2025) aims to create prototypes that integrate various data sets, models, and expert domain knowledge enabling prediction capabilities and decision-making support for critical issues in biodiversity dynamics. While digital twin concepts have been applied in industries for continuous monitoring of physical phenomena, their application in biodiversity and environmental sciences presents novel challenges (Bauer et al. 2021, de Koning et al. 2023). In addition, successfully developing digital twins for biodiversity requires addressing interoperability challenges in data standards. BioDT is developing prototype digital twins based on use cases that span various data complexities, from point occurrence data to bioacoustics, covering nationwide forest states to specific communities and individual species. The project relies on FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) and FAIR enabling resources like standards and vocabularies (Schultes et al. 2020) to enable the exchange, sharing, and reuse of biodiversity information, fostering collaboration among participating research infrastructures (DiSSCo, eLTER, GBIF, and LifeWatch) and data providers. It also involves creating a harmonised abstraction layer using Persistent Identifiers (PID) and FAIR Digital Object (FDO) records, alongside semantic mapping and crosswalk techniques to provide machine-actionable metadata (Schultes and Wittenburg 2019, Schwardmann 2020). Governance and engagement with research infrastructure stakeholders play crucial roles in this regard, with a focus on aligning technical and data standards discussions. In addition to data, models and workflows are key elements in BioDT. Models in the BioDT context are formal representations of problems or processes, implemented through equations, algorithms, or a combination of both, which can be executed by machine entities. The current twin prototypes are considering both statistical and mechanistic models, introducing significant variations in (1) data requirements, (2) modelling approaches and philosophy, and (3) model output. The BioDT consortium will develop guidelines and protocols for how to describe these models, what metadata to include, and how they will interact with the diverse datasets. While discussions on this topic exist within the broader context of biodiversity and ecological sciences (Jeltsch et al. 2013, Fer et al. 2020), the BioDT project is strongly committed to finding a solution within its scope. In the twinning context, data and models need to be executed within a computing infrastructure and also need to adhere to FAIR principles. Software within BioDT includes a suite of tools that facilitate data acquisition, storage, processing, and analysis. While some of these tools already exist, the challenge lies in integrating them within the digital twinning framework. One approach to achieving integration is through workflow representation, encompassing standardised procedures and protocols that guide the acquisition, packaging, processing, and analysis of data. The project is exploring Research Object Crate (RO-Crate) implementation for this (Soiland-Reyes et al. 2022). Implementing workflows can ensure reproducibility, scalability, and transparency in research practices, enabling scientists to validate and replicate findings. The BioDT project offers a novel and transformative approach to biodiversity research and application. By leveraging collaborative research infrastructures and adhering to data standards, BioDT aims to harness the power of data, software, supercomputers, models, and expertise to provide new insights. The foundation provided by the data standards, including those of Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG), is crucial in realising the full potential of digital twins, facilitating the seamless integration of diverse data sources and combinations with models.

• von Mering, Sabine; Braun, Paul Jean-Charles; Cubey, Robert W. N.; Groom, Quentin; Haston, Elspeth M. & Hendriksen, Anikka [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2023). Modelling research expeditions in Wikidata: best practice for standardisation and contextualisation. Biodiversity Information Science and Standards (BISS). ISSN 2535-0897. 7. doi: 10.3897/biss.7.111427. Show summary

  Expeditions and other collecting events are a major source of objects in natural history museums (e.g., Mesibov 2021). Historically, these trips were often transdisciplinary: biological and Earth science specimens were collected at the same time as ethnological or anthropological objects. As a result, specimens and other material gathered during the same expedition, as well as the related data and metadata, are often distributed across multiple institutions. Many expeditions were driven by colonial agendas, aiming to discover new resources to exploit, and their findings were seldom shared with the source countries and local people. Understanding these expeditions illuminates the colonial origins of museum collections, and contributes to recognizing and addressing their impacts (e.g., Das and Lowe 2018, Ashby and Machin 2021).

• Meeus, Sofie; Ariño, Arturo; Bakken, Torkild; Braun, Paul; Dillen, Mathias & Endresen, Dag [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2023). Who is Who in Natural History Collections? Show summary

  The "Who is Who in Natural History Collections?" trifold leaflet is an outcome from the People Identifiers workshop/hackathon organized in Oslo in January 2023 by the COST Action MOBILISE, CA17106, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). The leaflet points at resources to manage biographical data in natural history collections more efficiently and contains recommendations for researchers, curators, database managers and publishers to avoid duplication of effort between collections.

• Giuffrida, Rita; Dmitry, Schigel; Endresen, Dag; Taubert, Franziska; Ovaskainen, Otso & Chala, Desalegn [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2022). The BioDT use cases: unique demonstrators to test the biodiversity Digital Twin prototype. Show summary

  The BioDT project aims to develop the biodiversity digital twin prototype to help better predict global biodiversity dynamics and how species interact with their environment and with each other. In order to test the work developed by the BioDT team in the three years of the project, groups of use cases will showcase how BioDT can examine its predictive performance and address biodiversity challenges through scenario simulations, predictions and biomonitoring methods. In order to speed up with the development of the BioDT use cases, the project team has met from 5 to 7 September 2022 in Potsdam, Germany, for an internal technical workshop. The aim of the event was to: * Consolidate the use cases leads and project teams; * Develop the scientific questions for each use case; * Start developing requirements for each use case; * Identify data types and sources to be used; * Prioritise UCs and exact scenarios to be addressed by initial development work; * Define the process of data flow from Research Infrastructures (RIs) to modellers; * Define data format and quality requirements between 1) RIs and 2) RIs and modellers. The workshop was organised by UFZ and welcomed 17 participants from BioDT partners. Following this workshop, and in order to present the use cases developments also to external partners, a free BioDT webinar was organised on 27 September 2022. The event showcased through presentations, interactive sessions with the audience and a Questions & Answers session the main achievements of the use cases and the next steps. During the 1-hour webinar, it was possible for attendees to learn more about the scope, challenges, solutions and benefits brought by the BioDT use cases and how their development can help scientists in predicting future trends in biodiversity. The webinar was organised by Trust-IT in cooperation with the use cases leaders.

• Mayfield-Meyer, Teresa Jegelewicz; Baskauf, Steven J; Endresen, Dag; Bölling, Christian; Wieczorek, John & Pyle, Richard L. [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). MaterialSample and its Properties. Biodiversity Information Science and Standards (BISS). ISSN 2535-0897. 6. doi: 10.3897/biss.6.91407. Show summary

  The Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG) Material Sample Task Group*1 kicked off in the third quarter of 2021. The group’s initial focus was to 1) achieve a clear conceptual delineation between the terms MaterialSample, PreservedSpecimen, LivingSpecimen, and FossilSpecimen (the terms used in basisOfRecord in the current DwC-A provided to the Integrated Publishing Toolkit (IPT) for describing physical material) 2) define the conceptual relationship between these terms and the term Organism 3) consider the possible implications of the activities towards the diversification of the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data model*2 and what standards already exist that should inform our work. Based on this conceptual work, the group is now developing a concrete proposal for a clarification of a MaterialSample class with its own properties. Our presentation will provide a brief review of the task group's progress and our thoughts about what comes next.

• Johaadien, Rukaya Sarah; Endresen, Dag & Torma, Michal (2022). An Update on Persistent Identifiers in Norwegian Biodiversity Data. Biodiversity Information Science and Standards (BISS). ISSN 2535-0897. doi: 10.3897/biss.6.91585. Show summary

  Persistent identifiers (PIDs) are reference keys to pieces of digital information or digital objects (Meadows and Haak 2018). PIDs are long-lasting, trustworthy and ideally globally unique, allowing information to be unambigiously associated with a digital object. This allows, for example, collection objects to be annotated with data (e.g., improved geographic coordinates) from different web services and databases (Page 2008). In 2014, Norway began an initiative to provide all museum specimens at the University of Oslo's Natural History Museum (UiO NHM) with PIDs persistent and globally unique identifiers (PIDs) in the form of universally unique identifiers (UUIDs) prefixed by a persistent uniform resource locator (PURL) (Endresen and Svindseth 2014). This poster provides an update of progress made in this endeavor, and details the technical set up and workflow, as well as problems encountered and reflections on the process. So far, roughly 40% of UiO NHM's collections have PIDs entered in the Darwin Core materialSampleID field for the collections management system. The main technical problem has been in configuring the PURL service to set up redirects correctly. In the future, we plan to migrate from PURLs to the Handle system which provides identifiers for digital objects, or to using DOIs (Digital Object Identifiers), which are an implementation of the Handle system (Paskin 2017).

• Endresen, Dag; Tykarski, Piotr & Braun, Paul (2022). GBIF Europe and Central Asia Nodes meeting May 2022 in Luxembourg. Show summary

  The regional GBIF Europe and Central Asia Nodes meeting (ECA2022) in Luxembourg, 23-25 May 2022.

• Marsden, Luke; Endresen, Dag; Johaadien, Rukaya Sarah; Torma, Michal & Altenburger, Andreas (2022). Nansen Legacy - Marine data publishing workshop in Tromsø in September 2022. Show summary

  Nansen Legacy (AeN) 3-day workshop to publish marine biodiversity data from the AeN project as Darwin Core Archives on September 20-22, 2022. With support from the Norwegian Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) node, and the Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS, EurOBIS). https://www.gbif.no/events/2022/nansen-legacy-tromso.html

• de Boer, Hugo; Endresen, Dag; Schigel, Dmitry; Russell, Laura Anne; Rydmark, Marcella Christine Orwick & Abrahamyan, Armine [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2022). BioDATA final symposium for partner universities, ForBio, and GBIF at Tøyen in Oslo in November 2022. Show summary

  Typically, established researchers, museum curators, and collection managers are involved in data management and data publishing to national and global biodiversity data facilities. By training early career (student) biodiversity scholars, we will efficiently turn the current academic and education landscape into a more open-data-friendly one. The closing event will focus on addressing students from the University of Oslo. Two students from each BioDATA partner country will be able to participate and present their studies and data activities as dataset publications through GBIF.org and/or as data papers, an emerging and student-friendly publication type. GBIF Norway with the support from the GBIF Secretariat will act as a data publishing facilitator. BioDATA final symposium for partner universities, ForBio, and GBIF. Venue in Oslo (11-12 November 2022). https://www.nhm.uio.no/english/research/projects/biodata/activities/2022-final-seminar.html

• Endresen, Dag; Russell, Laura Anne; Schigel, Dmitry; Prylutskyi, Oleh; Johaadien, Rukaya Sarah & Torma, Michal [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2022). Four-day program on open biodiversity data publishing and high-level data paper publishing, online for Ukraine in August 2022. Show summary

  Regional training course for M.Sc. and Ph.D. students from Ukraine with expert trainers and trainers-in-training, Tuesday 16 to Friday 19 August 2022. Plus preparatory assignments from 1st to 12th August, and post-course assignments from 22nd August to 3rd September. Successful attendees will be issued a certificate of attendance corresponding to 2 ECTS and a digital GBIF Certified Trainer badge. This training model has been tested in the Biodiversity Information for Development (BID) programme and is adapted to BioDATA needs. The course is designed for 16-20 participants. All applicants must submit a motivation letter as part of their registration. Lectures will be in English with teaching materials available both in English and Russian languages, with the support of Ukrainian-speaking mentors. https://www.nhm.uio.no/english/research/projects/biodata/activities/2022-ukraine.html

• Endresen, Dag; Russell, Laura Anne; Schigel, Dmitry; de Boer, Hugo; Johaadien, Rukaya Sarah & Torma, Michal [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2022). Five-day program curriculum on open biodiversity data publishing, including excursion and bioblitz in Dilijan, Armenia in May 2022. Show summary

  Regional Training course for M.Sc. and Ph.D. students with expert trainers and trainers-in-training - Dilijan, Armenia (5 days), 1 to 5 May 2022. Successful attendees will be issued a certificate of attendance corresponding to 2 ECTS and a digital GBIF Certified Trainer badge. This training model has been tested in the Biodiversity Information for Development (BID) programme and is adapted to BioDATA needs. The course is designed for 16-20 participants. All applicants must submit a motivation letter as part of their registration. The lectures will be in English (with some teaching materials available in Armenian). https://www.nhm.uio.no/english/research/projects/biodata/activities/2022-armenia.html

• Halbritter Rechsteiner, Aud Helen; Endresen, Dag; Nilsen, Erlend Birkeland; Chipperfield, Joseph; Grainger, Matthew & Telford, Richard James [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2022). Open, Reproducible, and Transparent Science in Ecology. Show summary

  Manage, produce, use, and reuse data with reproducible workflows. A course at Finse Alpine Research Centre organized by the University of Bergen (UiB) Ecological and Environmental Change Research Group together with Living Norway and GBIF Norway, 14-18 November 2022. Universities, journals, and funding bodies increasingly demand open and reproducible research practices across the scientific community. Research data needs to be FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable), workflows need to be reproducible, and science needs to be transparent. This aims to improve the efficiency and quality of research and thus increase the credibility of science. Do you want to gain new skills in data management, making your data FAIR, and your workflows reproducible? Do you want training in open-source tools such as GitHub and R that can be used to achieve this? We offer hands-on training on methods and technologies to make research more open, reproducible, and transparent. The course is centered around the life-cycle of data from planning, managing, collecting, curating, analyzing, publishing, storing, sharing, and reusing data. It is aimed at Ph.D. students (will be prioritized) as well as early-career researchers in ecology, who produce their own data (i.e. collect data in the field/lab), use data from others (i.e. databases), or both. The course will be held at the Finse Alpine Research Centre, from 14 - 18 November 2022. Students will be introduced to open science, data management, data repositories/databases, data standards (e.g. FAIR, CARE), best practice, and reproducible workflows (e.g. data curation, analysis, GitHub, reporting results). Experts will give lectures on these topics and provide hands-on training that will give you opportunities to practice new skills. We will provide examples, but also encourage you to bring your own data and problems to work on.

• Endresen, Dag (2022). Global Biodiversity Information Facility - Free and open access to biodiversity data. Show summary

  The aim of the Living Norway open science lab is to reach out to students and researchers in ecology, conservation science and ecology that share an interest in open, transparent and reproducible science. Sharing and reusing research data will be a particular focus area, but the lab will be a place for discussions about all kinds of aspects of open science practices.

• Endresen, Dag (2021). Biodiversity informatics for the Norwegian museums at Tøyen in Oslo in March 2021. Show summary

  The Norwegian university museums have started a process to maintain but re-evaluate the collaboration structures. This process includes an evaluation of informatics solutions including digitization solutions, collection management software, and GBIF data streams. https://www.gbif.no/news/2021/biodiversity-informatics-for-the-norwegian-museums.html

• Belbin, Lee; Kampmeier, Gail; Endresen, Dag & Baskauf, Steven J (2021). Review Manager Guidelines. Show summary

  The guidelines for review managers of proposed standards were originally written in 2009 by Lee Belbin and have been used by review managers of most of the standards that have been ratified since then. They were revised in 2021 based on feedback from former review managers in order to update the recommendations based on changes in technology and practical experience. They describe the best practices for carrying out the expert and public reviews required as part of the TDWG Process, the bylaws that govern how TDWG standards are ratified.

• Kamenova, Stefaniya; de Boer, Hugo; Endresen, Dag; Russell, Laura Anne; Schigel, Dmitry & Wirta, Helena K (2021). Accelerating biodiversity research through DNA barcodes, collection and observation data (online for Georgia and Armenia June 2021). Show summary

  This course will teach how to use DNA barcodes, collection and observation data to resolve research questions in biodiversity. The four-day intensive programme will use a combination of lectures, tutorials, and hands-on exercises. You will learn to handle biodiversity data including DNA barcoding. You will gain practical experience in using open and digitally documented biodiversity data through GBIF and BOLD to answer biodiversity research questions. You will understand and practice capturing observation, collection, and genetic data from analogue and digital sources. Finally, the course provides basic skills in data publishing through GBIF. This course is a collaboration between the Diku-funded University of Oslo project BioDATA, the BMBF-funded project Caucasus Barcode of Life (CaBOL), and GBIF - Global Biodiversity Information Facility.

• Belbin, Lee; Kampmeier, Gail; Endresen, Dag & Baskauf, Steve (2021). Guidelines for Review Managers of Proposed TDWG Standards. Show summary

  The guidelines for review managers of proposed standards were originally written in 2009 by Lee Belbin and have been used by review managers of most of the standards that have been ratified since then. They were revised in 2021 based on feedback from former review managers in order to update the recommendations based on changes in technology and practical experience. They describe the best practices for carrying out the expert and public reviews required as part of the TDWG Process, the bylaws that govern how TDWG standards are ratified.

• Endresen, Dag (2021). Råd fra GBIF-Norge til datainfrastrukturutvalget i dialogmøte 2021-11-19. Show summary

  [Råd 1] Norske forskningsdata bør publiseres i henhold til internasjonale data-standarder. Internasjonale data-standarder sikrer interoperabilitet og reelle muligheter for gjenbruk av data. Etablerte data-standarder innenfor et fagområde gir ofte best effekt for realisert gjenbruk, men kan hindre gjenbruk av data i nye og uforutsette tverrfaglige studier og sammenhenger. Norge bør derfor også bidra til tverrfaglig videreutvikling av interoperabilitet på tvers av data-standarder som er i anvendelse innenfor de enkelte fagområder. [Råd 2] Måloppnåelse for økt deling av forskningsdata blir enklere med effektive insentiver. Vi tror at etablering av forskningsdata som siterbart vitenskapelig produkt slik som DORA (sfdora.org, 2012) og Force11 (force11.org, 2011) beskriver gir viktige retningslinjer som datainfrastrukturutvalget bør forsøke å integrere i nye Norske retningslinjer. [Råd 3] Metrikk for å måle gjennomslag og innflytelse (impact) av forskning ("tellekanter") bør utvides til å inkludere metrikk for anerkjennelse av datakilde (data-publikasjon, data-sitering) for både forsker og institusjon. Publisering av forskningsdata bør fortrinnsvis utføres gjennom en profesjonell infrastruktur (slik som GBIF) der opphavsmann og de ulike bidragsytere til produksjon, innsamling, tilretteleggelse, håndtering, og bevaring av data kan registreres. Dataset bør tilordnes stabil digital identitet, gjennom løsninger slik som DOI (digital object identifier). Personer bør knyttes til stabil digital identitet gjennom løsninger slik som ORCID (Open Researcher and Contributor ID, orcid.org). Institusjoner bør knyttes til stabil digital identitet gjennom system løsninger slik som ROR (Research Organization Registry, ror.org). [Råd 4] Etablering av infrastruktur for forskningsdata tar tid og behøver derfor kontinuitet og forutsigbare rammer, mandat, og langsiktig strategisk investering. Effektiv langsiktig investering i felles internasjonale løsninger krever ofte bedre kontinuitet enn det som er mulig innenfor handlingsrommet for basisfinansiering for enkelte forskningsinstitusjoner og universiteter. Samtidig som felles multi-nasjonal investering i fellesløsninger ofte har en betydelig lavere kostnad enn en alternativ mere fragmentert infrastruktur. GBIF Norge (GBIF.no) er den norske deltagernoden i Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF.org). GBIF er en internasjonal organisasjon som arbeider for fri og åpen tilgang til globalt dekkende informasjon om biologisk mangfold. GBIF ble etablert i 2001 etter en beslutning i OECDs Science Forum i 1999. Norge ble medlem av GBIF i 2004 og den norske deltagernoden, GBIF Norge, ble etablert med sekretariat ved Universitet i Oslo Naturhistorisk Museum i nært samarbeid med Artsdatabanken og med finansiering fra Forskningsrådet. GBIF Norges mandat omfatter nasjonal deltagelse i GBIF med internasjonal publisering av norske artsdata i henhold til internasjonale data-standarder som er forvaltet av GBIF.

• Endresen, Dag (2021). Digitalisering og GBIF - Registering av samlinger i GRSciColl og Wikidata og publisering av samlingsdata i GBIF. Show summary

  Digitalisering og GBIF - Registering av samlinger i GRSciColl og Wikidata og publisering av samlingsdata i GBIF. Dag Endresen (GBIF) (20 min foredrag, 10 min spørsmål)

• Endresen, Dag & Johaadien, Rukaya Sarah (2021). Update on BioDATA - DNA metabarcoding data management. Show summary

  GNM 2021 (Virtual) Group 1 – data mobilization training and guidance on sequence-derived data mobilization, presentation by Dag Terje Filip Endresen, GBIF Node Manager

• Johaadien, Rukaya Sarah; Endresen, Dag & Bakken, Vidar (2021). Norwegian GBIF marine datasets from OBIS. Show summary

  GNM 2021 (Virtual) Marine data mobilization session presentation by Norwegian GBIF Node

• Endresen, Dag; Johaadien, Rukaya Sarah & Bakken, Vidar (2021). Node update from GBIF Norway: Wikidata, Agent identifiers, Material Sample. Show summary

  Node update from GBIF Norway: Wikidata, Agent identifiers, MaterialSample. Presentation by GBIF Norway

• Endresen, Dag (2021). Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) og åpne forskningsdata om biologisk mangfold.
• Goodson, Hillary; Johaadien, Rukaya Sarah; Bakken, Vidar & Endresen, Dag Terje Filip (2021). Presentation of GBIF for the Norwegian Oil & Gas environment monitoring network meeting on April 7th 2021. Show summary

  Presentation of GBIF for the Norwegian Oil & Gas environment monitoring network meeting on April 7th, 2021. Participants from: Lundin, Total, Conoco Phillips, Okea, AkerBP, Equinor, Wintershall, Spirit Energy, Aker BP, Shell, Lotos upstream, Repsol, Vår energi.

• Endresen, Dag Terje Filip (2021). Lecture on biodiversity informatics. Show summary

  Online lecture for a master's and Ph.D. course at NTNU about biodiversity informatics, GBIF, and open data.

• Endresen, Dag Terje Filip; Johaadien, Rukaya Sarah & Bakken, Vidar (2021). Capacity development activities from GBIF Norway. Show summary

  Capacity building is an essential component of the GBIF community, a "soft" skill that (even with all the pandemic-related practice) is exceedingly hard to do well. Ahead of a summer calendar that includes the GBIF Global Nodes Meeting and the start of dozens of new projects funded through the BID, BIFA and CESP programmes, this session of the GBIF community webinar will take a deeper look into current training activities across the network.

• Endresen, Dag Terje Filip (2021). The role of biodiversity informatics in the global biodiversity information facility, GBIF. Show summary

  Role of biodiversity informatics in the Global Biodiversity Informatics Facility (GBIF). Seminar at the Government College University of Lahore in Pakistan 18th of May, 10:00 CEST Oslo, 13.00 PKT Lahore, 08:00 UTC. Pakistan is an affiliated observer in GBIF (since August 2001), and the Government College University of Lahore is registered and endorsed as a GBIF data publisher (since October 2020).

• Luna, Randi; Gamboa, Javier; Escobar, Dairo; Villaverde, Cristina; Endresen, Dag & Archambeau, Anne-Sophie [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). Share biodiversity data through GBIF - an invitation to the private sector. Show summary

  Companies and institutions that publish biodiversity data through GBIF have joined the vast list of organizations that follow conservation and sustainable use guidelines. By sharing information about our planet's species, they help to understand and assess biodiversity. Their collaboration also optimizes environmental management, promotes scientific research, and increases social awareness. Join GBIF -the Global Biodiversity Information Facility-, the largest biodiversity data network in the world. As an international open-data infrastructure, it allows anyone anywhere to access, share, and use information about all types of life on Earth. This video is a co-production between the GBIF nodes of Spain, Colombia, France, Portugal, and Norway, as part of a Capacity Enhancement Support Programme (CESP) project that aims to promote private sector participation in GBIF. For more information visit: https://www.gbif.org/project/2Zik1tfJoh3C92ZslvhDIr/openpsd-promoting-publication-and-use-of-private-sector-data-on-biodiversity

• Endresen, Dag Terje Filip (2020). Post-graduate symposium. Show summary

  A symposium for post-graduate PhD-fellows based in Trondheim on biodiversity informatics and GBIF metadata standards. The "Transforming Citizen Science for Biodiversity" project is a new initiative with partners from four NTNU faculties, along with two external partners. The group has core competencies in GIS, statistical modeling, and the use of citizen science data to tackle problems in very different aspects of ecology. This symposium on Wednesday 2nd December 2020 introduced biodiversity informatics and metadata standards used by GBIF. Participants: 6 post-graduate PhD fellows.

• Endresen, Dag Terje Filip (2020). GBIF: global biodiversity information facility. Show summary

  Living Norway Colloquium 2020 - Towards openness and transparency in applied ecology 12 - 13 October 2020. Day one will be dedicated to public lectures from national and international invited speakers. On day two, two workshops, focusing on tools for integrated modeling of open data sources and increased teaching FAIR data management and open science, respectively.

• Endresen, Dag Terje Filip (2020). BioDATA – Biodiversity data management skills for students. Show summary

  BioDATA – Biodiversity data management skills for students

• Endresen, Dag Terje Filip & Tykarski, Piotr (2020). GBIF region Europe and Central Asia 2020 nodes meeting. Show summary

  GBIF region Europe and Central Asia 2020 nodes meeting

• de Boer, Hugo & Endresen, Dag Terje Filip (2020). GBIF, DiSSCo, and NorBIF - Vision document. Show summary

  This document lays out a vision for Norwegian participation in the European Research Infrastructure project DiSSCo, application of a new Norwegian GBIF node from the RCN, and a national forum for biodiversity data tentatively coined NorBIF. DiSSCo and GBIF are part of a larger landscape of initiatives on open biodiversity data that are relevant from a Norwegian perspective. Close coordination of these and other initiatives is essential in communicating the needs and services of our biodiversity research community to funders and policymakers but also to create an integrated community that benefits from our shared expertise and investments in synergy. This vision document is intended as an inspiration and basis for discussion on how this can be done in Norway. The document summarizes the main considerations and lays out a number of recommendations for DiSSCo Norway, GBIF Norway, and NorBIF.

• de Boer, Hugo & Endresen, Dag Terje Filip (2020). Network seminar for DiSSCo (Distributed System of Scientific Collections) and GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility) in Norway. Show summary

  This report summarizes a meeting held to discuss the Norwegian participation in the European Research Infrastructure project DiSSCo (Distributed System for Scientific Collections) and the international organization GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility). These two projects are part of a larger landscape of initiatives on open biodiversity data that are relevant from a Norwegian perspective. Close coordination of these and other initiatives is essential in communicating the needs and services of our biodiversity research community to funders and policymakers but also to create an integrated community that benefits from our shared expertise and investments in synergy. The meeting used invited talks by key national and international colleagues on how they coordinated these international initiatives as an inspiration and basis for discussion on how this can be done in Norway.

• Endresen, Dag Terje Filip; Bakken, Vidar; Johaadien, Rukaya Sarah & Ihlen, Per Gerhard (2020). Møte om biologiske mangfolddata for privat sektor. Show summary

  GBIF Capacity Enhancement Support Programme, Project CESP2019-004, OpenPSD: Promoting publication and use of private-sector data on biodiversity

• Yndgaard, Flemming & Endresen, Dag Terje Filip (2019). The First NGB Data Management System, the Current System and the Future Perspectives. In Yndgaard, Flemming & Solberg, Svein Øivind (Ed.), 40 Years of Nordic Collaboration in Plant Genetic Resources. Nordic Genetic Resource Center. ISSN 978-91-981510-9-1. p. 98–102. Show summary

  The Nordic Gene Bank (NGB) was founded on January 1, 1979, as a Nordic institution, established and operated by the Nordic Council of Ministers. The purpose of NGB was and is to collect, register, document, preserve and make inventories of all Nordic genetically valuable plant material for future use in agriculture and horticulture. Later, forest and animal genetic resources have been added. The work was carried out by NGB in close co-operation with plant breeders and other sci- entists. While serving gene bank purposes, a substantial part of the projects formed part of university research and teaching programmes as well. In the European Cooperative Programme for Plant Genetic Resources (ECPGR) operated by IBPGR, which is discussed further in another chapter (Engels et al. 2019), NGB played an important role, being a regional gene bank. NGB was one of the very first gene banks to develop a flexible data-processing system based on genetic and biological principles that allowed all Nordic plant breeders and plant scientists to have access to all relevant gene bank information and material, including that of other gene banks.

• Endresen, Dag Terje Filip (2019). GBIF Norway after 2020? Show summary

  The Nodes training at the start of the Nodes meeting focussed on Nodes strategies, administration, and governance tools. Some of the Nodes stories were presented at the Global Nodes Meeting. Norway has an operational GBIF Node providing nationally important data pathways that are very well integrated into national information systems. However, there is not yet any solution in place for funding after 2019. In less than 3 months the node might be left without any node budget. Unfortunately, this is a situation far too many of the GBIF Nodes recognize alarmingly well - if they even have any appropriate node budget at all.

• Endresen, Dag Terje Filip; Borodin, Oleg & Tykarski, Piotr (2019). BioDATA: Biodiversity data for internationalization in higher education. Show summary

  BioDATA Biodiversity Data for Internationalization in Higher Education is funded by the Norwegian Agency for International Cooperation and Quality Enhancement in Higher Education (DIKU) -- and is based on reusing training materials from the GBIF Biodiversity Information for Development (BID) program funded by the European Commission.

• Endresen, Dag Terje Filip; Tykarski, Piotr; Shashkov, Maxim; Ivanova, Natalya; Borodin, Oleg & Schigel, Dmitry [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). BioData: Data skills in biodiversity education and research in Bialowieza, Belarus. Show summary

  Regional training course for M.Sc. and Ph.D. students with expert trainers and trainers-in-training - in Belarus (5 days). Data publishing course in Belarus, 11-15 November 2019. Successful attendees will be issued a certificate of attendance corresponding to 2 ECTS and a digital GBIF Certified Trainer badge. This training model has been tested in the Biodiversity Information for Development (BID) programme and is adapted to BioDATA needs. The course is designed for 16-20 participants. All applicants must submit a motivation letter as part of their registration. Lectures will be partly in English and partly in Russian with all the materials available in both languages. Eligibility for BioDATA students is limited to the partner countries in the BioDATA project: Belarus, Ukraine, Armenia, and Tajikistan - with a focus on Belarus for this particular course. Travel, meals, and accommodation will be covered for accepted participants in this course. Please note that all participants must have valid travel insurance that covers medical expenses.

• Fitzgerald, Heli; Weibull, Jens; Bjureke, Kristina; Endresen, Dag Terje Filip; Hagenblad, Jenny & Hyvärinen, Marko [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2019). Vilda kulturväxtsläktingar måste skyddas för framtiden. Hufvudstadsbladet. ISSN 0356-0724. Show summary

  Vilda kulturväxtsläktingar är helt nödvändiga för att vi ska kunna hantera framtida utmaningar som rör tryggad livsmedelstillgång, ett miljömässigt hållbart jordbruk och att anpassa våra grödor till klimatförändringar.

• Fitzgerald, Heli; Weibull, Jens; Bjureke, Kristina; Endresen, Dag Terje Filip; Hagenblad, Jenny & Hyvärinen, Marko [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2019). Kulturplantenes ville slektninger må reddes. Bondebladet. ISSN 0332-8414. p. 27–27.
• Endresen, Dag Terje Filip; Abrahamyan, Armine; Mirzorakhimov, Akobir; Melikyan, Andreas; Verstraete, Brecht & Schigel, Dmitry [Show all 17 contributors for this article] (2019). BioDATA: Biodiversity data mobilisation and data publication training in Eurasia. Biodiversity Information Science and Standards (BISS). ISSN 2535-0897. 3(e37543). doi: 10.3897/biss.3.37543. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  BioDATA (Biodiversity Data for Internationalisation in Higher Education) is an international project to develop and deliver biodiversity data training for undergraduate and postgraduate students from Armenia, Belarus, Tajikistan, and Ukraine. By training early career (student) biodiversity scholars, we aim at turning the current academic and education biodiversity landscape into a more open-data-friendly one. Professional practitioners (researchers, museum curators, and collection managers involved in data publishing) from each country were also invited to join the project as assistant teachers (mentors). The project is developed by the Research School in Biosystematics - ForBio and the Norwegian GBIF-node, both at the Natural History Museum of the University of Oslo in collaboration with the Secretariat of the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and partners from each of the target countries. The teaching material is based on the GBIF curriculum for data mobilization and all students will have the opportunity to gain the respective GBIF certification. All materials are made freely available for reuse and even in this very early phase of the project, we have already seen the first successful reuse of teaching materials among the project partners. The first BioDATA training event was organized in Minsk (Belarus) in February 2019 with the objective to train a minimum of four mentors from each target country. The mentor-trainees from this event will help us to teach the course to students in their home country together with teachers from the project team. BioDATA mentors will have the opportunity to gain GBIF certification as expert mentors which will open opportunities to contribute to future training events in the larger GBIF network. The BioDATA training events for the students will take place in Dushanbe (Tajikistan) in June 2019, in Minsk (Belarus) in November 2019, in Yerevan (Armenia) in April 2020, and in Kiev (Ukraine) in October 2020. Students from each country are invited to express their interest to participate by contacting their national project partner. We will close the project with a final symposium at the University of Oslo in March 2021. The project is funded by the Norwegian Agency for International Cooperation and Quality Enhancement in Higher Education (DIKU).

• Endresen, Dag Terje Filip; Tykarski, Piotr; Archambeau, Anne-Sophie; Lysaght, Liam; Johaadien, Rukaya Sarah & Bakken, Vidar [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2019). European GBIF Nodes meeting 2019 in Oslo. Show summary

  The 2019 annual European GBIF Nodes meeting will be in Oslo 22 to 24 May at the UiO Natural History Museum in Oslo.

• Endresen, Dag Terje Filip; Schigel, Dmitry; Shashkov, Maxim; Ivanova, Natalya; Mirzorakhimov, Akobir & Mamadalieva, Mukhabbatkhon [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2019). BioDATA: Course on data skills in biodiversity education and research in Tajikistan. Show summary

  Regional training course for M.Sc. and Ph.D. students with expert trainers and trainers-in-training - in Shambari, Tajikistan (5 days). Data publishing course 3-7 June 2019. Successful attendees will be issued a certificate of attendance corresponding to 2 ECTS and a digital GBIF Certified Trainer badge. This training model has been tested in the Biodiversity Information for Development (BID) programme and is adapted to BioDATA needs. The course is designed for 16-20 participants. All applicants must submit a motivation letter as part of their registration. Lectures will be partly in English and partly in Russian with all materials available in both languages. Eligibility for BioDATA students is limited to the partner countries in the BioDATA project: Belarus, Ukraine, Armenia, and Tajikistan - with a focus on Tajikistan for this particular course. Travel, meals, and accommodation will be covered for accepted participants in this course. Accommodation and meals will be arranged by the course, while travel should be organized individually but this will be reimbursed during the course. Please note that all participants must have valid travel insurance that covers medical expenses.

• Endresen, Dag Terje Filip; Russell, Laura Anne; Schigel, Dmitry; Johaadien, Rukaya Sarah; Tykarski, Piotr & Shashkov, Maxim [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2019). BioDATA Capacity Enhancement Training: Biodiversity Data Mobilization, Train-the-mentors. Show summary

  The goal of the train-the-mentors course is to equip the target group, the most advanced and appropriate trainers in the target countries, with the necessary training skills to apply these as assistants in the main training activities in Dushanbe (June 2019), Minsk (November 2019), Yerevan (April 2020), and Kiev (October 2020).

• Endresen, Dag Terje Filip (2019). What is open science and why is it important for students? Show summary

  Rapid development in societal expectations, technological possibilities and the launch of FAIR data management principles are prevailing across scientific fields. We see a clear need to establish a curriculum and training program that prepare current and future ecologist for this new era. Such a curriculum should include both technological skills and ethical and legal reflections. In this workshop, we will present and discuss ideas for moving forward with these ideas.

• Endresen, Dag Terje Filip (2018). Mobilization of biodiversity data from the private sector. Show summary

  News story originally published at the international GBIF homepage describing Norwegian data flow established to ensure mobilization of biodiversity data to GBIF from the private sector.

• Endresen, Dag Terje Filip (2018). Event core for measurement or fact data. Show summary

  Workshop on experiences and use cases for the new Darwin Core Event core and how the standard can be used in Marine and terrestrial contexts. Developing use cases and guidelines on best practices of this new standard.

• Russell, Laura; Noé, Nicolas; Pamerlon, Sophie; Endresen, Dag Terje Filip; Tykarski, Piotr & Reyserhove, Lien [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2018). Capacity enhancement workshop on biodiversity data mobilization in the Balkans. Show summary

  Four-day training course for the Balkan region is organized by the secretariat of the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) together with GBIF Node staff from Belgium, France, Norway, and Poland. Participants will learn how to plan and implement biodiversity data mobilization efforts effectively and according to GBIF standards. The workshop will have a strong focus on the technical aspects of data mobilization — in particular everything related to the lifecycle: planning, capture, quality, and publishing in order to increase the amount, richness and quality of the data published through the GBIF network and made available for use in scientific research and policymaking. The social aspects of the process will also be considered.

• Endresen, Dag Terje Filip; Russell, Laura; Schigel, Dmitry; Ekrem, Torbjørn; Willassen, Endre & Kongshavn, Katrine [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2018). Data mobilization skills: training on mobilizing biodiversity data using GBIF and BOLD tools. Show summary

  This course aims to contribute to enhancing the capacity to plan and implement biodiversity data digitization efforts effectively and according to GBIF standards. It will have a strong focus on the technical aspects of data mobilization — in particular, everything related to the data lifecycle: planning, digitization, management and online publishing in order to increase the amount, richness and quality of the data published through the GBIF network. The social aspects of the process will also be considered. The event will have online and onsite components and both will have a strong practical approach including a significant component of group work.

• Endresen, Dag Terje Filip (2018). Building a national biodiversity information facility in Norway. Show summary

  Norway joined GBIF in 2004 as the 31st national country to sign the memorandum of understanding as a voting participant. The Norwegian membership in GBIF was ratified by the Ministry of Education and Research. The role as Head of Delegation (HoD) with voting rights in the GBIF Governing Board was from the start delegated to the Research Council of Norway (RCN). The role as Head of Delegation was in 2017 delegated to the Natural History Museum of the University of Oslo. The GBIF Participant Node for Norway was established 1st of June 2005 at the Natural History Museum of the University of Oslo (UiO-NHM) where the Node has been operative until today through a series of in total four funding periods (2005 to 2007, 2008 to 2011, 2012 to 2016, and 2017-2019). The Norwegian GBIF-node has (more or less) two dedicated full-time staff members and operates in close collaboration and sharing of responsibilities with the Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre (NBIC) in Trondheim. Together with the ForBio Research School in Biosystematics (ForBio), the Norwegian GBIF-node will collaborate on open data publication training in Russia and former Soviet countries in the Central Asia and Caucasus region during the next years with funding from the Norwegian Centre for International Cooperation in Education (SIU). Following the international conference on "Information Technologies in the Research of Biodiversity" in Irkutsk (11 to 14 September 2018), a training course on open data mobilization using GBIF and BOLD tools (15 to 19 September 2018) will be organized by ForBio in collaboration with GBIF, the University of Bergen and the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, as part of the SIU funded MEDUSA project. A similar workshop with funding from SIU was organized by ForBio and GBIF together with the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology in Moscow from 15 to 17 May 2018 on "Digitization of collections and publishing data from wet collections". The BioDATA project by ForBio and GBIF with funding from SIU will organize a three-year training program (during 2018 to 2021) on open data mobilization together with partners from Armenia, Belarus, Tajikistan, Belarus, and Ukraine.

• Endresen, Dag Terje Filip (2018). Event core and new data types in GBIF. Show summary

  Integrating event-core and other new and complex data types (data models) in GBIF. Data types inside Darwin Core not yet supported in GBIF. Introduction for starting the discussions at the 10th European GBIF Nodes Meeting in Tallinn Estonia 15th May 2018. See also: http://bit.ly/gbifEu2018_datatypes | http://bit.ly/gbifEu2018_new_datatypes | DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.16667.36641

• Endresen, Dag Terje Filip; Finstad, Anders Gravbrøt; Skyttner, Markus & Nilsen, Erlend Birkeland (2018). Scientific reuse of openly published biodiversity information: Programmatic access to and analysis of primary biodiversity information using R. Show summary

  Scientific use of openly published and aggregated primary biodiversity information is in steady increase. Reuse of open research data and academic data citation is an emerging trend that is prioritized by current research policies, and citation of biodiversity data published through the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF.org) shows a steady upward trend. On-going improvements in biodiversity informatics to build support for new data types, such as the recent event-core in GBIF, open up for new uses of GBIF-mediated data. However, many researchers still access biodiversity data in GBIF from the web portal and the advanced machine readable programming interfaces (APIs) remain arguably underutilized. This Oikos 2018 workshop will introduce participants to the GBIF API and stimulate Nordic ecologists and systematists to a more programmatic use of GBIF data. Most examples and training exercises will use the R language and software environment for statistical computing. Scientific workflows with tools such as Galaxy will not be covered in this workshop. However, the interested workshop participant will be gently guided towards further reading material. The workshop is organized by the Norwegian participant node in GBIF (GBIF.no) and the ForBio Research School in Biosystematics (forbio.uio.no), both hosted by the UiO Natural History Museum in Oslo and will take place on Sunday 2018-02-18 and Monday 2018-02-19 at the Oikos conference venue Trondheim. Registration is open for both Oikos 2018 participants and ForBio members. We plan to spend some time to work in groups with hands-on exercises, so please consider bringing your own data and research questions to the workshop. We will also prepare some training datasets for you to work with.

• Endresen, Dag Terje Filip (2017). UiO CEES Friday seminar: Open and reusable research data with the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). Show summary

  If a tree falls in the forest and nobody reuses this information in peer review validated research — for what purpose did we then publish the event in GBIF? Easy access to large data volumes is a new paradigm that researchers in many fields are starting to get used with. Production of good quality research data is very expensive and research councils and governments around the world, including Norway, are looking for scientific practices to maximize the reuse of research data for other purposes than what it was originally collected for. The Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF.org) is an open-data research infrastructure funded by the world’s governments and aimed at providing anyone, anywhere access to data about all types of life on Earth. GBIF was established in March 2001, following a recommendation from the OECD Mega-science Forum in 1999. Norway became a voting member in April 2004. Dag Endresen is the national coordinator for the Norwegian participant node in GBIF. The Norwegian GBIF Node (GBIF.no) is hosted by the UiO Natural History Museum in Oslo and provides support (gbif-drift@nhm.uio.no) for publishing and using biodiversity data made available in GBIF to researchers and other users in Norway. In this presentation Dag Endresen will present the GBIF organisation with focus on examples for reuse of biodiversity data in ecological research and provide guidelines for publishing your own research data in GBIF.

• Endresen, Dag Terje Filip (2017). Chapter 42: Information, knowledge and agricultural biodiversity. In Hunter, Danny; Guarino, Luigi; Spillane, Charles & McKeown, Peter (Ed.), Routledge Handbook of Agricultural Biodiversity. Routledge. ISSN 9780415746922. p. 646–661. Full text in Research Archive
• Endresen, Dag Terje Filip (2017). GBIF data portal, ECPGR Cereal and Forage working group meeting. Show summary

  The ECPGR working groups on forage crops and on barley invited GBIF-Norway to the joint workshop in Malmö to present the GBIF data portal. The European Cooperative Programme for Plant Genetic Resources (ECPGR) organized a joint workshop for the working groups on Forage crops and on Barley crops in Malmö. The workshop addressed publication of genebank accession and collection data in the European Genebank Search Catalog (EURISCO). Topics also included demonstrations on how to publish characterization & evaluation (C&E) trait data in EURISCO.

• Endresen, Dag Terje Filip (2017). If a tree falls in the forest and nobody publish the event in GBIF, did it really happen? Global Biodiversity Information Facility, free and open access to biodiversity data.
• Oswald, Emily; Svindseth, Christian; Løfall, Bjørn Petter; Endresen, Dag Terje Filip & Hetland, Per (2017). Citizen science dugnadsportal for Telemark Botanisk Forening.
• Endresen, Dag Terje Filip; Oswald, Emily; Svindseth, Christian; Bjørn Petter, Løfall & Hetland, Per (2017). Citizen Science dugnadsportal for Telemark Botanisk Forening. Show summary

  Large number of specimens in the Natural History Museums remain un-digitized and are not yet available in electronic form. The Volunteer Portal is a citizen science project where amateur naturalists are invited to contribute to the electronic registration of herbarium collections. Telemark Botanical Society will help us to test and explore the Volunteer Portal.

• Endresen, Dag Terje Filip (2017). Predictive characterization of wheat and barley landraces - using GBIF-mediated data. Show summary

  Advancements in plant breeding technologies and in agricultural management practices has caused a steady improvement to the food crops we depend upon for our livelihood. This steady long-term progress has become the norm and an expectation in the larger society. Mathematical approaches and statistical analysis have persisted to provide important tools for plant breeders, in particular since the 1920s. The emergence of molecular methods, during the recent decades, are also largely dependent on mathematical approches to identify new sources of useful genetic diversity. Recent years has seen an explosion in available data, in society as well as in agriculture. This explosion has in popular terms described as an paradigm shift into an era of big data. Novel mathematical approches and machine learning algorithms are under rapid development to ensure capabilities for analysing rapidly increasing volumes of data. International biodiversity information systems have successfully provided access to larger datasets with primary information on agricultural crops. The Genesys information system operated by the Global Crop Diversity Trust and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) provides only two among many examples. The largest increase of information of potential use in crop improvements can, however, be argued to be from sensor data inside the agricultural fields and elsewhere, and other data types that cen be used as explanatory variables in machine learning algorithms for identification of useful genetic diversity. Focused identification of germplasm strategy (FIGS) proposes a new approach to target the evaluation of key germplasm accessions most likely to hold the genetic diversity required by plant breeding programs. This predictive characterization approach is based on the hypotheses that this key germplasm is likely to reflect the selection pressures of the environment from which it was originally sampled. Machine learning models are used to identify genebank accessions and crop wild populations with potentially useful alleles. This provides a computer assisted pre-screening tool to select material for field trials and subsequent molecular approaches to identify novel alleles for plant breeding programs.

• Fitzgerald, Heli; Palmé, Anna; Aronsson, Mora; Endresen, Dag Terje Filip; Weibull, Jens & Asdal, Åsmund [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2017). Nordic Crop Wild Relative (CWR) Checklist. Show summary

  The Nordic Crop Wild Relative (CWR) checklist is a result from a joint Nordic project, "Ecosystem services: Genetic resources and crop wild relatives" (2015-2016) funded by the Nordic Council of Ministers and the Nordic Genetic Resources Center (NordGen). A Crop Wild Relative (CWR) is a wild species that is closely related to a cultivated crop. This close relationship means that properties in a CWR can be transferred to the crop by traditional crossings. As modern cultivars may lack the desired variation, diversity found in CWRs can be central for adaptation to new demands on the crops.

• Bari, Abdallah; Chaubey, Yogendra P.; Sillanpää, Mikko J.; Ouabbou, Hassan; Jilal, A. & Khazaei, H. [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2017). Machine-Learning approaches to accelerate the utilization of plant genetic resources. Show summary

  Mathematical approaches have played a major role in advancing plant breeding since the 1920s, prior to the emergence of molecular approaches. They have been extensively used in plant breeding to capture the genetic variability and inheritance of quantitative traits, assess the interaction between genotypes and environments and predict the performance gains. While this has helped, a great deal, in plant breeding, mathematical approaches have been less used in pre-breeding and in the mobilization of these yet untapped resources into plant breeding. There is a considerable potential for using mathematical approaches to identify sought after traits in a much reduced number of accessions within a shorter period of time, and mobilize these traits into breeding programs. Our paper focuses on exploring the potential of mathematical approaches to accelerate the mobilization of genetic resources into breeding programs, as tested in the Focused Identification of Germplasm Strategy (FIGS). Several mathematical approaches including Laplace Bayes Inverse problems theorems serve as promising tools for identifying plant accessions harboring genes relevant for adaptation to a variety of environmental conditions expected under changing climate conditions. The use of existing information and knowledge such as the probability distribution of traits in contrasting environments is invaluable for locating relevant genotypes and identifying sought- after traits to achieve highest payoffs in breeding. This will also unravel other barriers that prevent the effective utilization of genetic resources in breeding such as the lack of comprehensive evaluation as well as the bottlenecks in the analyses of massive data associated with these under-utilized genetic resources, which are mostly “non- replicated” and “non-experimental” types including unstructured type of data. We will demonstrate how mathematical approaches have contributed in the past to the mobilization of genetic resources, and how they will advance global collaborative research efforts to address current and future challenges for plant improvements in the light of changing climate conditions.

• Palmé, Anna; Fitzgerald, Heli; Weibull, Jens; Asdal, Åsmund; Lund, Birgitte & Endresen, Dag Terje Filip [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2017). A Nordic regional approach for crop wild relative (CWR) conservation. Show summary

  The Nordic project “Ecosystem services: Genetic resources and crop wild relatives” was initiated with the long-term aim to assure conservation and sustainable use of the wild genetic resources associated with future food security. There is an increasing threat to crop wild relatives (CWRs) in nature and actions are therefore needed to safeguard these important resources. The Nordic project has resulted in two stakeholder workshops (Stockholm 2015, Vilnius 2016), a common homepage dedicated to Nordic CWR (www.nordgen.org/cwr), policy recommendations on CWR conservation and use and the first common Nordic conservation approach for CWRs. During the project, a common CWR checklist was created and prioritized. The most important crop wild relatives of the region, related to food and forage crops, were selected with use and value criteria. The in situ conservation planning identified potential complementary conservation sites for the priority species. These sites would conserve a maximum number of target taxa and their intraspecific variation by using ecogeographic land characteristic map categories of the region as a proxy for the adaptive scenarios of the priority taxa populations. The potential conservation sites are found in all the five countries (Denmark, Iceland, Finland, Norway and Sweden) across the Nordic region. Since the Nordic countries share many species and habitats across the region, the goal is that joint conservation planning on the Nordic level should make national conservation activities more efficient. The project is funded by Nordic Council of Ministers.

• Thormann, Imke; Parra-Quijano, Mauricio; Rubio Teso, María Luisa; Endresen, Dag Terje Filip; Dias, Sonia & Iriondo, José M. [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2016). Predictive characterization methods for accessing and using CWR diversity. In Maxted, Nigel; Dulloo, Mohammad Ehsan & Ford-Lloyd, Brian V. (Ed.), Enhancing crop genepool use: capturing wild relative and landrace diversity for crop improvement. CABI Publishing. ISSN 9781780646138. p. 64–77. doi: 10.1079/9781780646138.0064. Show summary

  This chapter reports and discusses the results of the application of the ecogeographical filtering and calibration methods to crop wild relatives of the genera Avena, Beta, Brassica and Medicago, which were the target genera of the PGR Secure project. The ecogeographical filtering method filters occurrence records, combining the spatial distribution of the target taxon on an ecogeographical land characterization map (ELC) with the ecogeographical characterization of those environments that are likely to impose selection pressure for the adaptive trait investigated. In the predictive characterization context, a taxon-specific ELC map is used, aiming at representing the adaptive scenarios that are present over the territory studied. The calibration method uses a training set with existing characterization and evaluation data for the trait of interest, together with ecogeographical data specific to the environment at the sites from where these accessions were collected, to identify existing relationships between the trait and the environment.

• Endresen, Dag Terje Filip; Svindseth, Christian; Valland, Nils; Koch, Wouter & Sørensen, Ole Jakob (2016). GBIF data publishing seminar at Nord University, campus Steinkjer. Show summary

  The GBIF node and the Norwegian Biodiversity Information Center (NBIC, Artsdatabanken) organized a data publishing seminar at NORD University campus Steinkjer 1st December 2016.

• Endresen, Dag Terje Filip; Svindseth, Christian; Valland, Nils & Grytnes, John-Arvid (2016). GBIF data publishing seminar at the Department of Biology at the University of Bergen. Show summary

  The GBIF node and the Norwegian Biodiversity Information Center (NBIC, Artsdatabanken) organized a biodiversity informatics seminar at the University of Bergen about data publication and use.

• Endresen, Dag Terje Filip (2016). Downloading species occurrence data using the GBIF web-service API. Show summary

  The Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) provides a comprehensive e-infrastructure were data holding institutions can publish biodiversity data, and were researchers and other data analysts can access and download biodiversity data. Norway is one of the absolute largest data publishers in GBIF, but we still remain a more modest user of biodiversity data indexed into the global GBIF portal. This seminar will present some of the web-services and R-packages for accessing and downloading species occurrence data and taxonomic names made available in GBIF.

• Endresen, Dag Terje Filip; Svindseth, Christian; Bakken, Vidar; Koch, Wouter; Henriksen, Snorre & Valland, Nils (2016). GBIF data publishing workshop in Tromsø, September 2016. Show summary

  GBIF Norway (GBIF.no) and the Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre (Artsdatabanken.no) organize a seminar on data publishing in Tromsø on 7th and 8th of September 2016. The seminar is suitable for all institutions, companies and other stakeholders that are engaged in registration of, or have plans to start registration of species-based biodiversity data. The seminar will cover the importance of collecting and publishing species-based biodiversity data, and describe some of the methods for data registration and data publication. Following the seminar on day 1 we will organize a training workshop where all participants will get basic skills for preparing and standardizing their own datasets. On day 2 we will be available for individual support with data publication. To sign up for day 2, you should already have datasets that are ready for publication. We plan to complete as far as possible the data preparation and data publication during the hands-on workshop.

• Endresen, Dag Terje Filip; Wang, Yu-Huang; Chiang, Po-Jen & Mai, Guan-Shuo (2016). GBIF BIFA mentoring: Orientation Workshop on Mobilizing Biodiversity Data from ASEAN Protected Areas. Show summary

  GBIF BIFA mentoring in Los Banos, Philippines for the South-East Asian ASEAN Heritage Parks (AHP). * Camera trap setup, monitoring and data collection * Data publishing using the IPT. With Dr. Yu-Huang Wang, Dr. Po-Jen Chiang, and Guan-Shuo (Jason) Mai from TaiBIF the GBIF node of Taiwan (Chinese Taipei); and the Biodiversity Informatics team at ASEAN Centre For Biodiversity, Carmel Eje, Carlos Aurelio Callangan, Ecay Villavelez, Jerome Alano, Kit Elloran (ACB Node manager), Lilibeth Cabebe, and Dr. Sheila G Vergara (BIM Director). Participants included some of the ASEAN Heritage Park managers and staff from Brunei Darussalam (BR), Indonesia (ID), Laos PDR (LA), Malaysia (MY), Myanmar (MM), Philippines (PH), Singapore (SG), and Thailand (TH). Only Cambodia and Vietnam were absent at the workshop. The camera trap field work training was in the Mount Makiling Forest Reserve (MMFR) is an ASEAN Heritage Park located 14°8′ north and 121°12′ east and lies within the 65 km of Metro Manila. MMFR spans a total of 4,244 hectares.

• Endresen, Dag Terje Filip (2016). #HepaticaWeek April 2016, GBIF data publishing. Show summary

  Citizen science species observation reporting and data publishing with the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). Video feed available at: https://youtu.be/t22QmFPcvOM?t=34m4s

• Endresen, Dag Terje Filip; Brosens, Dimitri & Svindseth, Christian (2015). Data paper workshop, March 2015, Trondheim. Show summary

  Introduction to writing good data set metadata and to the procedure for writing and submitting data paper manuscripts to the PENSOFT Biodiversity Data Journal. Participants bring their own data set(s) and we aim at least a good start on the writing for a complete data paper manuscript by the end of day 2.

• Endresen, Dag Terje Filip; Svindseth, Christian; Finstad, Anders Gravbrøt & Vang, Roald (2015). Biodiversity data publishing workshop October 2015, Trondheim. Show summary

  NINA, NTNU University Museum, GBIF Norway and the NBIC (Artsdatabanken) organized a workshop on publication of biodiversity occurrence data to GBIF and the Norwegian Map Service (Artskart) at NINA in Trondheim in October 2015. The workshop provides an introduction to publishing biodiversity data through the GBIF network - with a focus on the recent support for publishing sample-based and monotoring data using the GBIF online data infrastructure.

• Rodrigues, Andrew; Endresen, Dag Terje Filip; Figueira, Rui; Villaverde, Cristina; Vega, Miguel & King, Nick [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2021). Best Practices for Publishing Biodiversity Data from Environmental Impact Assessments. Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Show summary

  This guide aims to help practitioners, consultants and other Interested & Affected Parties (I&APs) working with environmental impact assessments to improve the curation, archiving and management of primary biodiversity data captured during EIA processes and to share data freely and openly in standardized, accessible and interoperable formats through the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). I&APs are encouraged to share the most detailed data possible, to support knowledge about species distributions and provide baseline data for future assessment.

• Finstad, Anders Gravbrøt; Boer, Hugo de; Brurberg, May Bente; Dahle, Geir; Edgar, Kristin Skarsfjord & Eiler, Alexander [Show all 25 contributors for this article] (2020). Kriterier for lagring av miljø-DNA prøver og data, herunder henvisning til referansemateriale. Criteria for depositing eDNA samples and data, including vouchered specimens. Miljødirektoratet.
• Yndgaard, Flemming; Solberg, Svein Øivind; Asdal, Åsmund; von Bothmer, Roland; Brodal, Guro & Carlson-Nilsson, Ulrika [Show all 20 contributors for this article] (2019). 40 Years of Nordic Collaboration in Plant Genetic Resources. Nordic Genetic Resource Center. ISSN 978-91-981510-9-1.
• Palme, Anna; Fitzgerald, Heli; Weibull, Jens; Bjureke, Kristina; Eisto, Kaija & Endresen, Dag Terje Filip [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2019). Nordic Crop Wild Relative conservation: A report from two collaborative projects 2015–2019. Nordisk ministerråd. ISSN 978-92-893-6185-9. 2019(533). Show summary

  The report summarizes results from a cooperation among all the Nordic countries during the period 2015 – 2019 (two projects). The work has focused on the conservation of Crop Wild Relatives (CWR), i.e. wild plant species closely related to crops. They are of special importance to humanity since traits of potential value for food security and climate change adaptation can be transferred from CWR into crops. The projects represent the first joint action on the Nordic level regarding in situ conservation of CWR. Substantial progress has been made regarding CWR conservation planning, including development of a Nordic CWR checklist and identification of suitable sites for CWR conservation. A set of recommended future actions was developed, with the most important one being initiation of active in situ conservation of CWR in all Nordic countries.

• Heughebaert, Andre; Addink, Wouter; Archambeau, Anne-Sophie; Endresen, Dag Terje Filip; Figueira, Rui & Lysaght, Liam (2018). European Bireme: EU Nodes in biodiversity reporting mechanisms. Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Show summary

  We started this project on the assumption that EU reporting processes could benefit from GBIF mediated data standards and tools. The Bireme project describes nature-related EU reporting processes and data flows in five EU countries, investigates how GBIF could facilitate improved EU reporting and recommends changes to GBIF tools/procedures which, if implemented, could improve the usefulness of the GBIF network for EU reporting. The project focuses on the Habitats Directive, the Birds Directive and Water Framework Directive, the Marine Strategy Framework Directive and the Invasive Species Regulation. Five countries participated in the characterization of the reporting mechanisms for EU reports: Belgium, France, Ireland, Norway and Portugal. The analysis of the reporting data flow for each country was assessed through a questionnaire, which targets the identification of the following main factors: key actors, data sources, data flow, data accessibility, GBIF role and tools.National reports documenting use cases for each country were prepared based on the feedback of the questionnaire. We conclude, based on the survey results, that National European Commission Directive reporting for status of the biodiversity remain largely independent from coordination with the national GBIF nodes. Data sources used in the reporting remain to a large part separate from data published in GBIF and are generally only made available in various non-standardized raw formats and not made publically available in any readily accessible forms. The below recommendations are mainly addressed to the GBIF network: Nodes, Secretariat and Governing Board but also to experts and institutions in charge of national reporting and of course to the European Environmental Agency which is driving the biodiversity reporting processes in European Union and in the Emerald Network.

• Baskauf, Steve; Wieczorek, John; Blum, Stan; Morris, Robert A.; Rees, Jonathan & Sachs, Joel [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2017). Vocabulary Maintenance Specification. Bioversity Information Standards (TDWG). Show summary

  This document describes the processes used to modify TDWG vocabularies and their associated documents.

• Baskauf, Steve; Hyam, Roger; Blum, Stan; Morris, Robert A.; Rees, Jonathan & Sachs, Joel [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2017). Standards Documentation Specification. Bioversity Information Standards (TDWG). Show summary

  This document defines how TDWG standards are to be presented. It provides details about the hierarchical structure of standards and versioning of standards components. It specifies how the properties of standards and their components are to be described in human-readable and machine-readable terms.

• Arnaud, Elizabeth; Castañeda-Álvarez, Nora Patricia; Cossi, Jean Ganglo; Endresen, Dag Terje Filip; Jahanshiri, Ebrahim & Vigouroux, Yves (2016). Final Report of the Task Group on GBIF Data Fitness for Use in Agrobiodiversity. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Human wellbeing and food security in a changing climate depend on productive and sustainable agriculture. For this, policies based on analyses and research results are vital to establish conservation priorities of natural resources that underpin the enhancement of sustainable food production. Therefore, data from agrobiodiversity and wider biodiversity sources are required to be available and accessible. Currently, there is a risk that agrobiodiversity and the wider biodiversity data communities remain separated with inefficient data aggregation, unless data flow pathways are harmonized. GBIF has a role to play in contributing to the convergence of the two communities. Biodiversity data in particular on wild relatives of the cultivated species will flow easier into agrobiodiversity conservation priority assessments and analysis with agrobiodiversity data integrated in GBIF. The Task Group on Data Fitness for Use in Agrobiodiversity was established by the GBIF Secretariat and Bioversity International to help improve the fit of data related to agrobiodiversity to the variety of important uses required and requested by the community of research and policy. The task group has been looking at the key actions for creating interoperability of data on ex situ, in situ and on-farm conservation of agrobiodiversity, with a focus on plants. A survey and interviews of selected experts and ABD data practitioners were conducted to collect feedback on fitness for use and issues with GBIF-mediated data. The 53 recommendations of the task group cover the whole data flow, from publishing to data use with a focus on agrobiodiversity, also considering the role of nodes in data mobilization and in promotion and training. Some key recommendations are to (i) promote GBIF to the agrobiodiversity community, (ii) integrate the terms from the long-standing Multi Crop Passport Data standard (MCPD) already used for several decades by agricultural gene banks into Darwin Core indexed attributes, (iii) by installing proper governance, the Darwin Core germplasm extension can be maintained as a stable international standard, (iv) develop agrobiodiversity user profiles on GBIF data portal to improve the user experience in accessing data of interest, (v) add infraspecific taxonomy levels to ensure adequate publication of agrobiodiversity data, by means of integrating into the GBIF taxonomic backbone the reference taxonomies used by the community with additional attributes related to the crop wild relative species, landraces and cultivars, (vi) publish existing digitized ABD data collections, such as the Bioversity Collecting Mission database1 and the Crop Wild Relative Global Occurrence dataset2, to support capacity building of agrobiodiversity data publishers, (vii) provide quality filtering of the data only using attributes of interest to the agrobiodiversity data users. Additionally, GBIF needs to provide tools and services to discover, mobilize, or link to additional specialized data sources commonly used by the agrobiodiversity community. Integrated access from GBIF to external sources of key agrobiodiversity data would be an added value for the community. (viii) Assign a level of confidence to individual data records, and (ix) channel feedback to data suppliers. The task group identified increasing the knowledge of the nodes about agrobiodiversity data through training as a key step to enable them to play a more prominent role in the mobilization of locally available information resources on ABD. A priority setting of these recommendations, with the feedback of the ABD community, the GBIF country parties and the expert knowledge of the GBIF secretariat and nodes, is needed.

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