Anneleen Kool

• Brockington, Samuel F.; Malcolm, Patricia; Aiello, Anthony S.; Almeida, Thaís H.; Apple, Margeaux & Aragón-Rodríguez, Sandra [Show all 70 contributors for this article] (2026). High-performance living plant collections require a globally integrated data ecosystem to meet twenty-first-century challenges. Nature Plants. ISSN 2055-026X. 12, p. 18–25. doi: 10.1038/s41477-025-02192-6. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Documented living plant collections distinguish botanic gardens from other green spaces and horticultural landscapes. With more than 3,500 collections worldwide, these institutions steward at least 105,634 species—around 30% of all land plant diversity—while fulfilling amenity, educational, scientific and conservation roles. However, twenty-first-century challenges demand a re-evaluation of how these collections are documented and managed. We argue that meeting these emerging needs requires higher standards of coordinated information management and innovation in data infrastructures across the global network. This Perspective critically examines data management practices of living collections supporting scientific research and conservation, from institutional to global levels. We identify the renewed demands on living collections, highlight exemplar global data infrastructures, define data challenges inherent to living collections and explore how current systems fall short in enabling a connected global system. Finally, we outline a vision for high-performance collections, fully integrated into a robust global data ecosystem.

• Toneu, Irene Teixidor; Mattalia, Giulia; Caillon, Sophie; Abdullah, Abdullah; Fiser, Živa & Karlsen, Pål [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2025). Stewardship underpins sustainable foraging. Trends in Ecology & Evolution. ISSN 0169-5347. 40(4), p. 315–319. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2025.01.004. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Foraging wild plants and mushrooms can be both beneficial and detrimental to biodiversity. We examine the role of stewardship practices, which are grounded in care, knowledge, and agency, in fostering sustainable use of wild species. These practices are pervasive among foragers across social–ecological systems yet neglected in research and policymaking.

• Hoel, Håvard; Boer, Hugo de; Kool, Anneleen & Wangensteen, Helle (2024). Analysis of bitter compounds in traditional preparations of Gentiana purpurea L. Fitoterapia. ISSN 0367-326X. 175. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105932. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Roots of Gentiana purpurea are known to have an intense bitter taste due to its high content of secoiridoids. In folk medicine roots have commonly been prepared as water decoctions, soaked in ethanol, or boiled with milk, wine, or beer. The aim of this study was to explore how various historical preparation methods influence yields of major bitter compounds in G. purpurea. HPLC-DAD analysis revealed that maceration with 40% and 70% ethanol, boiling with acetic acid (3% and 6%), vinegar and raw milk gave the highest extraction yields of gentiopicrin. Erythrocentaurin was detected when the roots were added to cold water before boiling, possibly because of enzymatic degradation. In contrast, erythrocentaurin was not detected in preparations where roots were added to boiling water, or when they were extracted with acetic acid or alcohol. The results stress the significance of traditional preparation methods to optimize yield of bioactive compounds.

• Toneu, Irene Teixidor; Westengen, Ola Tveitereid; Ulian, Tiziana; McMillion, Andrew; Lorimer, Matthias & Grace, Olwen [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2023). Co-conserving Indigenous and local knowledge systems with seeds. Trends in Plant Science. ISSN 1360-1385. 28(12), p. 1370–1378. doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.06.020. Full text in Research Archive
• Kjesrud, Karoline; Olsen, Luka Natassja; Toneu, Irene Teixidor; Sandstedt, Jade Jørgen Michael; Kool, Anneleen & Christiansen, Linda (2023). Plant Remains as Sources to Cultural History in Southeast Norway. In Ødegaard, Marie Kjærnet & Ystgaard, Ingrid (Ed.), Complexity and dynamics : Settlement and landscape from the Bronze Age to the Renaissance in the Nordic Countries (1700 BC–AD 1600). Sidestone Press. ISSN 9789464270426. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Plant remains are valuable sources for cultural history. Humans and animals live inextricably together with plants. This article investigates how a large dataset of botanical macrofossils can give insights into cultural history in southeastern Norway in the period 400 BC– AD 400. In this period, iron was introduced in the production of weapons and tools, which led people to change practices in their interaction with nature. Farming is dependent on a great variety of environmental resources for cultivation and the gathering of food, medicine, and fodder. By combining archaeological and botanical data from 40 localities from Viken and Innlandet counties this article investigates the macrofossil diversity within the localities, as well as the regions they belong to. All archaeobotanical finds from the localities have been systematized and analyzed quantitatively. The results reveal patterns in regional biodiversity as well as a representation of species in structures and features in archaeological sites.

• Blakeney, Rebecca Angelica; Teixidor-Toneu, Irene; Kjesrud, Karoline & Kool, Anneleen (2023). Finding Medieval Medicine Through Archaeobotany: An Ontological Approach. Environmental Archaeology. ISSN 1461-4103. doi: 10.1080/14614103.2023.2202933. Full text in Research Archive
• Groot, Willemien de; Andel, Tinde van; Kool, Anneleen; Hazenberg, Margret; Kjesrud, Karoline & Toneu, Irene Teixidor (2022). The 16th-19th Century Soundtoll Registers Online: Uncovering Traded Plant Diversity between the North and the Baltic Seas. Economic Botany. ISSN 0013-0001. 76, p. 285–299. doi: 10.1007/s12231-022-09550-x. Full text in Research Archive
• Toneu, Irene Teixidor; Giraud, Nicolas J.; Karlsen, Pål; Annes, Alexis & Kool, Anneleen (2022). A transdisciplinary approach to define and assess wild food plant sustainable foraging in Norway. Plants, People, Planet. doi: 10.1002/ppp3.10332. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Societal Impact Statement Foraging wild food plants is sometimes perceived as a conservation threat or, alternatively, as an opportunity for sustainable development. Little is known of how foragers themselves define and ensure sustainable foraging. Here, we collaboratively assessed the activities and motivations of the forager community in Norway in order to achieve a combined social and ecological assessment of foraging sustainability. Current foraging of wild food plants in Norway contributes to an increased appreciation of nature rather than generating negative environmental impact and is hence an opportunity for sustainable development. Summary Wild food plants are well recognized as local sources of nutrition that can contribute to food security, but foraging is sometimes viewed as a threat to biological conservation. Here, we characterize and assess sustainable foraging in Norway through transdisciplinary research co-constructed with the Norwegian Association for Mycology and Foraging. We conducted 19 face-to-face interviews with key stakeholders and produced an online questionnaire returned by 219 recreational and commercial foragers to enquire about what species are harvested, by whom and how, where do foragers learn and what are their perspectives on the sustainability of foraging. Foraging fosters a strong connection with the natural environment. Foragers decide when and how much can be harvested considering location, plant and plant part being harvested. They pay attention to native plants' conservation status and local abundance and plant individual's survival after foraging and aim to not spread invasive species. We define sustainable foraging as the knowledge and practices that enable enriching forager–biodiversity relationships over time. Such a definition can support collaborative sustainability efforts between the academic community and civil society.

• Ulriksen, Emilie Steinbakk; Butt, Hussain Shakeel; Ohrvik, Ane; Blakeney, Rebecca Angelica; Kool, Anneleen & Wangensteen, Helle [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2022). The discovery of novel immunomodulatory medicinal plants by combination of historical text reviews and immunological screening assays. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. ISSN 0378-8741. 296. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115402. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This study investigates the utilization of medicinal plants in Scandinavian folk medicine for treating diseases believed to involve the immune system. The methodology involves screening water extracts from medicinal plants that have been previously overlooked, aiming to identify potential new reservoirs of immunomodulatory compounds.

• Giraud, Nicolas; Kool, Anneleen; Karlsen, Pål & Teixidor-Toneu, Irene (2021). From trend to threat? Assessing the sustainability of wild edible plant foraging by linking local perception to ecological inference. BioRxiv. ISSN 0362-4331. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Wild edible plants as culturally-appropriate sources of nutrition and for food security are now well-recognised. In Europe, the use of wild edible plants is shifting from a subsistence activity to an emerging trend in high-end gastronomy. The environmental impacts of this shift are poorly known. Foraging is increasingly popular for personal consumption and commercially, not least in the Nordic countries where popularity is fuelled by the New Nordic Food movement. Here, we evaluate if this trend entails biodiversity conservation risks in Norway. In collaboration with the Norwegian Association for Mycology and Foraging, we conducted 18 face-to-face interviews with key stakeholders and we published an online questionnaire filled by 219 recreational and professional foragers. We enquired on what species are harvested, by whom and how, where do foragers learn and what are their perspectives on the sustainability of foraging. We combined these data with an assessment of foraging impact based on foraging pressure, ecological traits and conservation assessments. Our results show that 272 different wild edible plants are foraged and that this is mostly sustainable. However, some risks arise from the harvest of threatened plants, the potential spread of invasive species, and the overharvesting of extremely popular or ‘fashionable’ species. Foraging fosters a strong connection with the natural environment and the majority of foragers report to forage as part of a sustainable lifestyle. We suggest that careful encouragement to forage and the participatory development of local guidelines for sustainable foraging in Norway can enhance people-nature relationships while safeguarding foraged plant populations.

• Manzanilla, Vincent; Toneu, Irene Teixidor; Martin, Gary; Hollingsworth, Peter M.; Boer, Hugo de & Kool, Anneleen (2021). Using target capture to address conservation challenges: Population-level tracking of a globally-traded herbal medicine. Molecular Ecology Resources. ISSN 1755-098X. doi: 10.1111/1755-0998.13472. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The promotion of responsible and sustainable trade in biological resources is widely proposed as one solution to mitigate current high levels of global biodiversity loss. Various molecular identification methods have been proposed as appropriate tools for monitoring global supply chains of commercialized animals and plants. Here, we demonstrate the efficacy of target capture genomic barcoding in identifying and establishing the geographic origin of samples traded as Anacyclus pyrethrum, a medicinal plant assessed as globally vulnerable in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Samples collected from national and international supply chains were identified through target capture sequencing of 443 low-copy nuclear makers and compared to results derived from genome skimming of plastome and DNA barcoding of standard plastid regions and ITS. Both target capture and genome skimming provided approximately 3.4 million reads per sample, but target capture largely outperformed standard plant barcodes and entire plastid genome sequences. We were able to discern the geographical origin of Anacyclus samples collected in Moroccan, Indian and Sri Lankan markets, differentiating between plant materials originally harvested from diverse populations in Algeria and Morocco. Dropping costs of analysing samples enables the potential of target capture to routinely identify commercialized plant species and determine their geographic origin. It promises to play an important role in monitoring and regulation of plant species in trade, supporting biodiversity conservation efforts, and in ensuring that plant products are unadulterated, contributing to consumer protection.

• Toneu, Irene Teixidor; Kool, Anneleen; Greenhill, Simon J.; Kjesrud, Karoline; Sandstedt, Jade & Manzanilla, Vincent [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). Historical, archaeological and linguistic evidence test the phylogenetic inference of Viking-Age plant use. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. ISSN 0962-8436. 376(1828). doi: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0086. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In this paper, past plant knowledge serves as a case study to highlight the promise and challenges of interdisciplinary data collection and interpretation in cultural evolution. Plants are central to human life and yet, apart from the role of major crops, people–plant relations have been marginal to the study of culture. Archaeological, linguistic, and historical evidence are often limited when it comes to studying the past role of plants. This is the case in the Nordic countries, where extensive collections of various plant use records are absent until the 1700s. Here, we test if relatively recent ethnobotanical data can be used to trace back ancient plant knowledge in the Nordic countries. Phylogenetic inferences of ancestral states are evaluated against historical, linguistic, and archaeobotanical evidence. The exercise allows us to discuss the opportunities and shortcomings of using phylogenetic comparative methods to study past botanical knowledge. We propose a ‘triangulation method’ that not only combines multiple lines of evidence, but also quantitative and qualitative approaches. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Foundations of cultural evolution’.

• Schure, Anneke Theresia Maria ter; Bajard, Manon Juliette Andree; Loftsgarden, Kjetil; Høeg, Helge Irgens; Ballo, Eirik Gottschalk & Bakke, Jostein [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2021). Anthropogenic and environmental drivers of vegetation change in southeastern Norway during the Holocene. Quaternary Science Reviews. ISSN 0277-3791. 270. doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107175. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Uncovering anthropogenic and environmental drivers behind past biological change requires integrated analyses of long-term records from a diversity of disciplines. We applied an interdisciplinary approach exploring effects of human land-use and environmental changes on vegetation dynamics at Lake Ljøgottjern in southeastern Norway during the Holocene. Combined analysis of pollen and sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) metabarcoding of the sedimentary sequence of the lake describes the vegetation dynamics at different scales, and establishes a timeline for pastoral farming activities. We integrate this reconstruction with geochemical analysis of the sediments, climate data, archaeological evidence of local human settlement and regional human population dynamics. Our data covering the last 10,000 years reveals consistent vegetation signals from pollen and sedaDNA indicating periods of deforestation connected to cultivation, matching the archaeological evidence. Multivariate analysis integrating the environmental data from geochemical and archaeological reconstructions with the vegetation composition indicates that the vegetation dynamics at Lake Ljøgottjern were primarily related to natural processes from the base of the core (in ca. 8000 BCE, Mesolithic) up to the Early Iron Age (ca. 500 BCE–550 CE), when agricultural activities in the region intensified. The pollen signal reflects the establishment of a Bronze Age (ca. 1800–500 BCE) farm in the area, while subsequent intensification of pollen concentrations of cultivated plants combined with the first sedaDNA signals of cultivation and pastoralism are consistent with evidence of the establishment of farming closer to the lake at around 300 BCE. These signals also correspond to the intensification of agriculture in southeastern Norway in the first centuries of the Early Iron Age. Applying an interdisciplinary approach allows us to reconstruct anthropogenic and environmental dynamics, and untangle effects of human land-use and environmental changes on vegetation dynamics in southeastern Norway during the Holocene.

• Toneu, Irene Teixidor; Kjesrud, Karoline; Bjerke, Ernst; Parekh, Krupali Ashok & Kool, Anneleen (2020). From the “Norwegian Flora” (Eighteenth Century) to “Plants and Tradition” (Twentieth Century): 200 Years of Norwegian Knowledge about Wild Plants. Economic Botany. ISSN 0013-0001. doi: 10.1007/s12231-020-09507-y. Full text in Research Archive
• Toneu, Irene Teixidor; Kjesrud, Karoline & Kool, Anneleen (2020). Sweetness Beyond Desserts: The Cultural, Symbolic, and Botanical History of Angelica (Angelica archangelica) in the Nordic Region. Journal of Ethnobiology. ISSN 0278-0771. 40(3), p. 289–304. doi: 10.2993/0278-0771-40.3.289. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Throughout Nordic history, angelica (Angelica archangelica) has been a valued resource, often referred to as sweet. This article is inspired by multispecies studies and examines the role of sweetness in the relationship between this plant and Nordic peoples. A review of the ethnobotanical literature is woven together with historical, philological, and ethnographic data to trace angelica's properties and uses throughout Nordic history. Angelica's area of distribution expanded over time and its carbohydrate content increased in some semi-domesticated varieties. In turn, humans relied on it as a food source and conveyor of cultural meaning and value. We find that the plant has been associated with different qualities at different times and that it became sweet through time both materially and symbolically. However, angelica has now mostly disappeared from Nordic diets, while other ingredients in early twentieth century dessert recipes have remained. Our interdisciplinary analysis indicates that symbolism, rather than taste, may explain the sweet character that is associated with angelica in the Nordic region.

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• Høeg, Ove Arbo; Kool, Anneleen & Karlsen, Pål (2021). Planter og tradisjon. Kolofon Forlag AS. ISBN 9788230021743. 751 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Toneu, Irene Teixidor & Kool, Anneleen (2020). Se en plante! Natural History Museum of Oslo. ISBN 9788279701101. 13 p. Full text in Research Archive

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• Smith, Paul; Kool, Anneleen; Tornevall, Hanna; Gehrke, Berit & Pirie, Michael D. (2026). Panel discussion on the future of botanical gardens. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Paul Smith fra BGCI mottok æresdoktortittel ved UiB (torsdag 21. mai). Universitetsmuseet inviterte I denne anledning onsdag 20. mai til æresdoktor forelesning av Paul Smith, BCGI (Tårnsalen, Naturhistorisk Museum Bergen, englsk) med titel «Conserving plants across the world's gardens and seed banks: how to create impact at scale». Universitetshagene benyttet også anledningen til å arrangere et tilsvarende seminar om betydningen av – og fremtiden for – botaniske hager.

• Ervik, Finn; Kool, Anneleen; Andresen, Linn Gjellesvik; Grønbech, Marit Elisabeth; Østlie, Mai Linn & Dalseng, Carmen Celine Tyndale From [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2025). Eksotiske frukter i Oslo. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Bli kjent med fruktenes verden i Palmehuset i Botanisk hage! I vår moderne tid har vi fått mulighet til å bli bedre kjent med frukter fra fjerne land her i Norge, selv i den kalde årstiden. Naturhistorisk museum inviterer fruktelskere til å lære mer om hvor fruktene opprinnelig kommer fra som ville vekster, og vi får høre om den spennende botanikken mange frukter har. Vi byr også på smaksprøver av både nye og velkjente frukter. Våre erfarne botanikere formidler hvordan fruktene skal spises, hva som er særpreget for de forskjellige artene, og vi viser frem noen artige triks med frukt og skall. Ikke minst vil alle få anledning til å så frø selv fra noen av fruktene vi har vist frem, for de som er interessert - alle kan ta med hjem sine sådde frø i en plantepotte! Praktisk info: - Arrangementet er gratis og åpent for alle. - Oppmøte i Palmehuset - Drop-in fra kl 12.00 til 15.00, vi setter ut nye smaksprøver hver halvtime. Botanikere og formidlere er tilstede hele arrangementet!

• Kool, Anneleen (2025). Fra urtearv til medisin. doi: https:/kvann.no/arrangement/urtearv-seminar/. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Selv om det ikke forskes like mye på norske urter som plantemedisin som før, kan de fortsatt gi opphav til nye medisiner. For eksempel når det gjelder immunforsvaret og tarmfloraen. I Botanisk hage i Oslo dyrker vi planter fra historiske steder som blir testet for nyttige stoffer. Resultatene viser hvor viktig det er å ta vare på disse plantene.

• Kool, Anneleen (2025). Vi er ikke alene - om planteblindhet. Full text in Research Archive
• Kool, Anneleen (2025). Back to our roots - ex situ conservation of medicinal plant species for doctors and pharmacists. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Modern pharmaceutical and medical science has largely moved away from using plants as their main source of potentially new pharmaceuticals. In this project we test if historical uses of Scandinavian medicinal plants can provide inspiration for novel drugs that target the immune system and the microbiome, both highly active fields of study. Based on literature and archaeological sources dating back to the Middle Ages our team identified a set of plant species with potentially immunomodulatory effects. Using immunological screening assays, we then identified novel polyphenols for regulating immune reactions. Plant material for this study was collected around sites with a long history of growing medical plants, and are grown in the University of Oslo Botanical Garden as potential cultural relict species. We showcase the importance of preserving cultural relict populations in botanical gardens in parallel with more nature-focused ex situ conservation of plants.

• Kool, Anneleen & Kjesrud, Karoline (2024). Plant-talk: How approaching plants from different disciplines increased our mutual understanding. doi: https:/www.khm.uio.no/forskning/arrangementer/seminarer/forskningsradets-seminar-2024-research-across-disciplines. Full text in Research Archive
• Kriszat, Annette & Kool, Anneleen (2024). Planteblindhet. Full text in Research Archive
• Kool, Anneleen (2024). People and plants. Full text in Research Archive
• Kool, Anneleen; Toneu, Irene Teixidor; Giraud, Nicolas; Karlsen, Pål & Annes, Alexis (2024). From trend to threat? Wild food plant sustainable foraging in Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Kool, Anneleen (2024). Nordic people and plants - rediscovering and reviving Nordic ethnobotanical heritage. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  BO, Billedkunstnerne i Oslo, prosjektet Nordic People & Plants ved Botanisk hage i Oslo og The Institute of Postnatural Studies gleder seg over å presentere tre-dagers seminaret Hothouse Flowers 13. til 15. september. Med utgangspunkt i aktuelle problemstillinger innen etnobotanikk, økologi og økosofien til den norske filosofen Arne Næss vil seminaret stille spørsmål ved de forestilte binære parene natur og kultur, planter og folk. Programmet består av foredrag av fagpersoner fra ulike felt, så vel som kunstneriske og kuratoriske intervensjoner dedikert til utforskningen av forholdene mellom planter og mennesker. Hothouse Flowers er en fortsettelse av utstillingen med samme tittel på Podium av kunstnerne Nikhil Vettukattil og Gabriel Alonso, kuratert av Una Mathiesen Gjerde. Seminaret er kuratert i samarbeid med direktør ved Botanisk hage i Oslo, Anneleen Kool. Seminaret foregår på engelsk. Alle elementene på programmet er åpen for alle og gratis. Den performative middagen med Abuela & Collective krever påmelding, grunnet begrenset kapasitet. FREDAG 13. SEPTEMBER 14:00 i Victoriahuset, Botanisk Hage: Performance med Gabriel Alonso 14:30: Velkommen ved kurator Una Mathiesen Gjerde 14:45 i Tøyen hovedgård: Plants and People Rediscovering and Reviving Nordic Plant Traditions, foredrag av botaniker Anneleen Kool 15:10: Perceptions of Plants in the Past foredrag av kunst- og kulturhistoriker Karoline Kjesrud 16:20: Postnatural Gardening as Strategy, en introduksjon til The Institute of Postnatural Studies av Gabriel Alonso 19:00 på BO, Billedkunstnerne i Oslos loft: Beneath the Watery Veil: A Ritual for the Forgotten Tides, en performative middag av XAbuela & Collective (Francesca Imbrosciano, Teté, QOA og Aurora Aven) – påmelding HER. LØRDAG 14. SEPTEMBER 11:00: Omvisning i Botanisk hage med Anneleen Kool, oppmøte foran Lids hus/botanisk museum 13:00 på BO, Billedkunstnerne i Oslos loft: Plant Pedagogies and Curation as Research, en samtale mellom kuratorene Carmen Lael Hines og Roberto Majano 14:15 – 15:00: PAUSE 15:00: A Quest for El Micro-Museo de las Plantas Migrantes (The Micro-Museum of Migrating Plants), en kunstnerisk presentasjon av Belén Santillan 16:00: Vines and Sand: Colonial Botany and Science Fiction, et foredrag ved Ben Woodard SØNDAG 15. SEPTEMBER 14:00 på Kunstnernes Hus Kino: Filmprogram med Tamara Hendersons Green in the Grooves, Maurício Chades’ Green Cemetery og Misho Antadzes The Harvest. I tillegg til det tidsbestemte programmet vil Nikhil Vettukattil gjennom seminaret vise lydinstallasjonen Reanimist (2024) i Victoriahuset. TAKK TIL Hothouse Flowers er realisert med støtte fra Kulturrådet, Fritt Ord, Bergesen stiftelsen, Oslo kommune, Acción Cultural Española og Norges forskningsråd.

• Kool, Anneleen (2024). Om erter og andre belgfrukter. Full text in Research Archive
• Toneu, Irene Teixidor; Kool, Anneleen; Greenhill, Simon J.; Kjesrud, Karoline; Sandstedt, Jade Jørgen Michael & Barbetti, T (2024). Ethnobotanical knowledge dynamics across time scales: the contribution of phylogenetic comparative methods. Full text in Research Archive
• Kool, Anneleen (2024). Forskning og medisinplanter i Urtehagen. Full text in Research Archive
• Kool, Anneleen (2024). From trend to threat? Wild food plant sustainable foraging in Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Kool, Anneleen (2023). Botanisk hages fortid og fremtid. Full text in Research Archive
• Toneu, Irene Teixidor & Kool, Anneleen (2023). Co-conserving Indigenous and local knowledge systems with seeds. Full text in Research Archive
• Kool, Anneleen (2023). Mennesker og planter - plantebruk i Norden gjennom tidene. Full text in Research Archive
• Kool, Anneleen (2023). Guided tour on research in botanical gardens. Full text in Research Archive
• Kool, Anneleen (2023). Botaniske hagers rolle i dag. Full text in Research Archive
• Ohrvik, Ane; Inngjerdingen, Marit; Inngjerdingen, Kari Tvete & Kool, Anneleen (2023). Svartebøker og gammel folketro inspirerer moderne medisin. [Journal]. Apollon : Forskningsmagasin for Universitetet i Oslo. Full text in Research Archive
• Ohrvik, Ane; Inngjerdingen, Kari Tvete; Inngjerdingen, Marit & Kool, Anneleen (2023). Middelaldermedisinen er tilbake. [Radio]. NRK P2. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  I jakten på nye behandlingsmetoder går forskerne til legebøker fra middelalderen, og henter gamle medisinplanter inn i laboratoriet. Kan disse brukes til å utvikle nye medisiner?

• Kool, Anneleen (2023). Mennesker og planter - Nordens plantetradisjoner i fortid og fremtid. Full text in Research Archive
• Kool, Anneleen (2022). Mennesker og planter - Tverrfaglig samarbeid om fortid og fremtid. Full text in Research Archive
• Kool, Anneleen; Kjesrud, Karoline; Sandstedt, Jade & Teixidor-Toneu, Irene (2022). Combining historical, archaeological, linguistic, and ethnobotanical evidence to infer Viking-Age plant use. Full text in Research Archive
• Kool, Anneleen (2022). Hagevisjoner. Full text in Research Archive
• Kool, Anneleen; Teixidor-Toneu, Irene & Kjesrud, Karoline (2022). Angelica archangelica: from Viking vegetable to Nordic delicacy - On safeguarding traditional knowledge in botanic gardens. Full text in Research Archive
• Kool, Anneleen; Teixidor-Toneu, Irene & Kjesrud, Karoline (2022). Angelica archangelica: from Viking vegetable to Nordic delicacy - On safeguarding traditional knowledge in botanic gardens. Full text in Research Archive
• Toneu, Irene Teixidor & Kool, Anneleen (2022). Combining local and academic knowledge to define and assess wild food plant sustainable foraging in Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Kool, Anneleen (2022). Nordic people and plants - rediscovering and reviving Nordic ethnobotanical heritage. Full text in Research Archive
• Kool, Anneleen (2022). Viking hipsters? Hop en bier in Scandinavië. Full text in Research Archive
• Kool, Anneleen (2022). a guided tour to the Botanical Garden. Full text in Research Archive
• Kool, Anneleen (2022). Människor och växter - Nordens växttraditioner i förtid och framtid. Full text in Research Archive
• Kool, Anneleen & Andresen, Linn Gjellesvik (2022). Index Seminum frø sending/IPEN medlemskap. Full text in Research Archive
• Kool, Anneleen (2022). Planter i middelalderens Oslo. Full text in Research Archive
• Kool, Anneleen (2022). Mennesker og planter - Tverrfaglig samarbeid om fortid og fremtid. Full text in Research Archive
• Kool, Anneleen (2022). Mennesker og planter – Nordens plantetradisjoner i fortid og fremtid. Full text in Research Archive
• Kool, Anneleen (2022). Medicinal beer and Viking vegetables - Past plant use for a sustainable future. Full text in Research Archive
• Kool, Anneleen (2022). Jumping the fence - Collaboration across disciplines and museum sections to study human-plant interactions. Full text in Research Archive
• Kool, Anneleen & Kjesrud, Karoline (2021). Ekko: Kreative munker. Full text in Research Archive
• Kool, Anneleen; Blakeney, Rebecca Angelica; Boessenkool, Sanne & Ulriksen, Emilie Steinbakk (2021). Gammal plantekunnskap kan gi ny medisin. Full text in Research Archive
• Kool, Anneleen & Haugtrø, Beate (2021). Gammal plantekunnskap kan gje ny medisin. [Journal]. Avisa Hordaland. Full text in Research Archive
• Kool, Anneleen; Kjesrud, Karoline; Teixidor-Toneu, Irene & Sandstedt, Jade Jørgen (2021). Mennesker og planter i fortid og fremtid. In Høeg, Ove Arbo (Eds.), Planter og tradisjon. Kolofon Forlag AS. ISSN 9788230021743. p. B-1–B-4. Full text in Research Archive
• Kool, Anneleen & Haugtrø, Beate (2021). Gammal plantekunnskap kan gi ny medisin. [Journal]. Nationen. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Forskarar innan kulturhistorie, farmasi, biologi og medisin har i eit samarbeidsprosjekt studert gamle tekstar heilt tilbake til mellomalderen og oppsøkt gamle kloster på leit etter medisinske plantar. Målet er å sjå om det er kunnskap om plantemedisin vi kan ha mista, som kan bidra til ny medisin.

• Kool, Anneleen (2021). Drev vikingene hagebruk. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Hvor mye vet vi egentlig om vikingenes levesett ? Kanskje kan bildet av villstyringer med blodige sverd justeres noe? Anneleen Kool har tatt på seg den oppgaven, og sammen med henne reiser vi tilbake til da det mektige, eviggrønne verdenstreet Asken Yggdrasil bredte sin greiner over verden.

• Kool, Anneleen & Haugtrø, Beate (2021). Gammal plantekunnskap kan gi ny medisin. [Journal]. Fjordabladet. Full text in Research Archive
• Kool, Anneleen; Danielsen, Dag Inge & Elgvin, Tore Oldeide (2021). Kvann: Søtsaken fra vikingtiden som forsvant – og gjenoppsto. [Internet]. https://titan.uio.no/biologi/2021/. Full text in Research Archive
• Kool, Anneleen & Danielsen, Live S (2021). Planter i øl, fra vikingtid til i dag. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Øl har lenge hatt en viktig rolle i skandinavisk kultur, ikke minst i vikingtid. I tillegg til humle og bygg er det mange andre planter som har blitt brukt til brygging. Hvilke planter er det, hva har de for effekter, hvordan har de blitt brukt, og hvordan kan vi bruke de selv? Bli med på en en levende prat mellom etnobotaniker Anneleen Kool live fra Botanisk hage i Oslo og mjødbrygger Live S Danielsen. Vi lukter og smaker på einer (som folk henter selv), og kvannrøtter, porsj og ryllik som vi bestiller og deltakerne får sendt i posten.

• Kool, Anneleen; Vedeler, Marianne & Kjesrud, Karoline (2021). Webinar Medieval Food Plants. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  A number of food plants in form of seeds as well as pollen are detected through archaeological excavations in medieval towns in Norway. These are in part species other than those mentioned in the recipe books that are preserved from the same period. How should we interpret these discrepancies? Food plants in iconographic sources is another valuable resource. How can we develop new research and public outreach based on all these sources? Welcome to an informal webinar where these questions will be discussed. All participants are welcome to contribute to the discussion during the meeting. We will meet online on Friday the 9th of April from 9 – 10:30. Bring your own coffee, or other botanically inspired beverage. Program: - Introduction to published foodplants and ingrediences in medieval cook books (Marianne Vedeler) - Cultivation and use of a selection of plants from the sources (Anneleen Kool) - Food plants in iconographic sources (Karoline Kjesrud)

• Kool, Anneleen (2021). Mennesker og planter i fortid og fremtid. Full text in Research Archive
• Kool, Anneleen (2021). Jumping the fence - Collaboration across disciplines and museum sections to study human-plant interactions. Full text in Research Archive
• Kool, Anneleen (2021). Plant dyes and historical botany. Full text in Research Archive
• Kool, Anneleen & Arevya, - (2021). Vikings ate WHAT?!? Assassin's Creed Valhalla and Valheim - Interview w/ Botanist Anneleen Kool! [Internet]. Youtube. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Let's eat Assassin's Creed Valhalla and Valheim! What did the games do right and what did they do wrong when it comes to videogame food. An interview with Botanist Anneleen Kool.

• Kool, Anneleen (2021). Mennesker og planter i fortid og fremtid. Full text in Research Archive
• Kool, Anneleen (2021). Mennesker og planter i fortid og fremtid. Full text in Research Archive
• Kool, Anneleen (2021). Mennesker og planter i fortid og fremtid. Full text in Research Archive
• Blakeney, Rebecca Angelica; Rydmark, Marcella Christine Orwick; Ulriksen, Emilie Steinbakk; Heien, Greta Karoline; Butt, Hussain Shakeel & Kool, Anneleen [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2021). Exhibition: Pharmaceutical Time Travels: From Ancient Plant Remedies to Modern Medicines / Utstilling: Farmasøytisk tidsreise: Fra historiske planteremedier til moderne medisiner. Full text in Research Archive
• Schure, Anneke ter; Bajard, Manon Julietto Andree; Loftsgarden, Kjetil; Høeg, Helge Irgens; Ballo, Eirik Magnus Gottschalk & Bakke, Jostein [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2021). Disentangling anthropogenic and environmental drivers of biological change in southeastern Norway during the Holocene. Full text in Research Archive
• Schure, Anneke ter; Bajard, Manon Julietto Andree; Loftsgarden, Kjetil; Høeg, Helge Irgens; Ballo, Eirik Magnus Gottschalk & Bakke, Jostein [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2021). Anthropogenic and environmental drivers of biological change in southeastern Norway during the Holocene. Full text in Research Archive
• Kool, Anneleen (2021). Gammal plantekunnskap kan gi ny medisin. [Journal]. Nationen. Full text in Research Archive
• Fišer, Živa; Aronne, Giovanna; Aavik, Tsipe; Akin, Meleksen; Alizoti, Paraskevi & Aravanopoulos, Filippos [Show all 51 contributors for this article] (2021). ConservePlants: An integrated approach to conservation of threatened plants for the 21st Century. Research Ideas and Outcomes (RIO). 7. doi: 10.3897/rio.7.e62810. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Even though plants represent an essential part of our lives offering exploitational, supporting and cultural services, we know very little about the biology of the rarest and most threatened plant species, and even less about their conservation status. Rapid changes in the environment and climate, today more pronounced than ever, affect their fitness and distribution causing rapid species declines, sometimes even before they had been discovered. Despite the high goals set by conservationists to protect native plants from further degradation and extinction, the initiatives for the conservation of threatened species in Europe are scattered and have not yielded the desired results. The main aim of this Action is to improve plant conservation in Europe through the establishment of a network of scientists and other stakeholders who deal with different aspects of plant conservation, from plant taxonomy, ecology, conservation genetics, conservation physiology and reproductive biology to protected area's managers, not forgetting social scientists, who are crucial when dealing with the general public. in situ plant conservation, ex situ plant conservation, conservation genetics, red lists of threatened plant species, citizen science

• Jordan, Fiona M.; Toneu, Irene Teixidor; Kool, Anneleen; Kjesrud, Karoline; Sandstedt, Jade Jørgen Michael & Greenhill, Simon J. [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). Angelica and sorrel salad: Ethnobotanical, historical, linguistic and archaeological evidence for Viking-Age plant use. Full text in Research Archive
• Jordan, Fiona M.; Toneu, Irene Teixidor; Kool, Anneleen; Kjesrud, Karoline; Sandstedt, Jade Jørgen Michael & Greenhill, Simon J. [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). How did the Vikings use plants: Testing phylogenetic inference of past botanical cultures. Full text in Research Archive
• Kool, Anneleen (2020). Plants, people, and participation. Full text in Research Archive
• Kool, Anneleen; Toneu, Irene Teixidor & Kjesrud, Karoline (2020). Jumping the fence - Collaboration across disciplines and museum sections to study human-plant interactions. Full text in Research Archive
• Parekh, Krupali; Carlsen, Eira; Kool, Anneleen; Toneu, Irene Teixidor; Kjesrud, Karoline & Grønbech, Marit Elisabeth [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). Humle gjennom tidene. Full text in Research Archive
• Kool, Anneleen & Christensen, Lina (2020). Nytteplantenes renessanse. [Journal]. Forskerforum. Full text in Research Archive
• Kool, Anneleen & Kjørstad, Elise (2020). What did the Vikings really eat? Full text in Research Archive
• Kool, Anneleen & Smedsrud, Morten Skipenes (2020). Smaker på vikingenes planter. [Journal]. Apollon. Full text in Research Archive
• Kool, Anneleen & Smedsrud, Morten Skipenes (2020). Smaker på vikingenes planter. [Internet]. Titan.uio.no. Full text in Research Archive
• Kool, Anneleen & Kjørstad, Elise (2020). Hva spiste egentlig vikingene? [Internet]. Forskning.no. Full text in Research Archive
• Kjesrud, Karoline; Kool, Anneleen; Foldvik, Therese; Olsen, Luka Natassja & Dahl, June (2020). Medisinplanter i middelalderbyen Oslo. Full text in Research Archive
• Boboev, Mario; Ghorbani, Abdolbaset; Boer, Hugo de; Kool, Anneleen; Bussmann, Rainer W. & Batsatsashvili, Ketevan [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). Galagania fragrantissima Lipsky APIACEAE. In Batsatsashvili, Ketevan; Kikvidze, Zaal & Bussmann, Rainer W. (Ed.), Ethnobotany of the Mountain Regions of Central Asia and Altai. Springer. ISSN 9783030289461. p. 345–347. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-77087-1_62-2. Full text in Research Archive
• Bussmann, Rainer W.; Batsatsashvili, Ketevan; Kikvidze, Zaal; Boboev, Mario; Ghorbani, Abdolbaset & Boer, Hugo de [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2020). Allium giganteum Regel Allium karataviense Regel. Allium rosenbachianum Regel Allium stipitatum Regel Allium suworowii Regel Allium tenuissimum L. Allium trautvetteranum Regel AMARYLLIDACEAE. In Batsatsashvili, Ketevan; Kikvidze, Zaal & Bussmann, Rainer W. (Ed.), Ethnobotany of the Mountain Regions of Central Asia and Altai. Springer. ISSN 9783030289461. p. 69–86. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-77087-1_16-1. Full text in Research Archive
• Boboev, Mario; Ghorbani, Abdolbaset; Boer, Hugo de; Kool, Anneleen & Bussmann, Rainer W. (2020). Paulia ovczinnikovii Korovin APIACEAE. In Batsatsashvili, Ketevan; Kikvidze, Zaal & Bussmann, Rainer W. (Ed.), Ethnobotany of the Mountain Regions of Central Asia and Altai. Springer. ISSN 9783030289461. p. 559–561. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-77087-1_100-1. Full text in Research Archive
• Boboev, Mario; Ghorbani, Abdolbaset; Boer, Hugo de; Kool, Anneleen; Bussmann, Rainer W. & Batsatsashvili, Ketevan [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). Bunium persicum (Boiss.) B. Fedtsch. APIACEAE. In Batsatsashvili, Ketevan; Kikvidze, Zaal & Bussmann, Rainer W. (Ed.), Ethnobotany of the Mountain Regions of Central Asia and Altai. Springer. ISSN 9783030289461. p. 175–176. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-77087-1_31-1. Full text in Research Archive
• Bussmann, Rainer W.; Batsatsashvili, Ketevan; Kikvidze, Zaal; Mubalieva, Shoista; Ghorbani, Abdolbaset & Boer, Hugo de [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). Juglans regia L. JUGLANDACEAE. In Batsatsashvili, Ketevan; Kikvidze, Zaal & Bussmann, Rainer W. (Ed.), Ethnobotany of the Mountain Regions of Central Asia and Altai. Springer. ISSN 9783030289461. p. 433–441. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-77087-1_76-1. Full text in Research Archive
• Kurbonbekova, Shifo; Mirzorakhimov, Akobir; Ghorbani, Abdolbaset; Boer, Hugo de; Kool, Anneleen & Bussmann, Rainer W. [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2020). Nepeta glutinosa Benth. LAMIACEAE. In Batsatsashvili, Ketevan; Kikvidze, Zaal & Bussmann, Rainer W. (Ed.), Ethnobotany of the Mountain Regions of Central Asia and Altai. Springer. ISSN 9783030289461. p. 519–523. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-77087-1_92-1. Full text in Research Archive
• Kool, Anneleen (2020). Mennesker og planter. Full text in Research Archive
• Kool, Anneleen; Toneu, Irene Teixidor & Kjesrud, Karoline (2020). Jumping the fence - Collaboration across disciplines and museum sections to study human-plant interactions. Full text in Research Archive
• Toneu, Irene Teixidor; Kool, Anneleen & Danielsen, Dag Inge (2020). Ser vi egentlig plantene? Full text in Research Archive
• Kool, Anneleen; Toneu, Irene Teixidor; Kjesrud, Karoline & Danielsen, Dag Inge (2019). Pesthåndbøker og magiske oppskrifter åpner porten til vikingenes urtehager. [Journal]. Titan. Full text in Research Archive
• Kool, Anneleen; Kjesrud, Karoline; Toneu, Irene Teixidor & Danielsen, Dag Inge (2019). Vikingenes urtehager blir gjenåpnet av forskere. [Journal]. Forskning.no. Full text in Research Archive
• Kool, Anneleen; Kjesrud, Karoline; Toneu, Irene Teixidor; Vindegg, Gaute & Danielsen, Dag Inge (2019). Kartlegger bruk av planter fra vikingtiden. [Journal]. Forskning.no. Full text in Research Archive

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