Gunnhild Martine Marthinsen

• Aarvik, Leif; Berggren, Kai & Marthinsen, Gunnhild (2023). Schiffermuelleria sempronas sp. n., a brilliant moth living in old olive trees in Crete (Lepidoptera, Oecophoridae). Norwegian Journal of Entomology. ISSN 1501-8415. 70, p. 47–54. Full text in Research Archive
• Aarvik, Leif; Karsholt, Ole; Berggren, Kai; Slagsvold, Per Kristian & Marthinsen, Gunnhild (2023). A new species of Brachmia Hübner (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) from South Europe. Norwegian Journal of Entomology. ISSN 1501-8415. 70, p. 34–41. Full text in Research Archive
• Cramer, Emily Rebecca A; Garcia-del-Rey, Eduardo; Johannessen, Lars Erik; Laskemoen, Terje; Marthinsen, Gunnhild & Johnsen, Arild [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). Longer Sperm Swim More Slowly in the Canary Islands Chiffchaff. Cells. ISSN 2073-4409. 10(6). doi: 10.3390/cells10061358. Full text in Research Archive
• Marthinsen, Gunnhild; Rui, Siri & Timdal, Einar (2019). OLICH: A reference library of DNA barcodes for Nordic Lichens. Biodiversity Data Journal. ISSN 1314-2836. 7(e36252), p. 1–146. doi: 10.3897/bdj.7.e36252. Full text in Research Archive
• Lifjeld, Jan Terje; Anmarkrud, Jarl Andreas; Calabuig, Pascual; Cooper, Joseph E.J.; Johannessen, Lars Erik & Johnsen, Arild [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2016). Species-level divergences in multiple functional traits between the two endemic subspecies of Blue Chaffinches Fringilla teydea in Canary Islands. BMC Zoology. ISSN 2056-3132. doi: 10.1186/s40850-016-0008-4.
• Støstad, Hanna Nyborg; Rekdal, Silje Larsen; Kleven, Oddmund; Laskemoen, Terje; Marthinsen, Gunnhild & Johnsen, Arild [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2016). Weak geographical structure in sperm morphology across the range of two willow warbler Phylloscopus trochilus subspecies in Scandinavia. Journal of Avian Biology. ISSN 0908-8857. 47(5), p. 731–741. doi: 10.1111/jav.00981. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Sperm morphology is highly diversified among species and at higher taxonomic levels. In birds, there is also increasing evidence of geographical differentiation in sperm traits within species, especially in those with strong sperm competition. Geographical divergences in sperm traits might imply the formation of a reproductive barrier in a speciation process. Here we study sperm morphology variation of willow warblers Phylloscopus trochilus in a geographical context in Scandinavia, across the range of two subspecies that are differentiated in certain genetic markers, morphology and migratory routes. We describe geographical patterns in genotypes (two previously described single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and four polymorphic microsatellites); in wing length, tarsus length and body mass; and in sperm traits of 330 male willow warblers sampled at 33 localities across Norway (58°N–69°N). Birds were on average larger and longer-winged in the north (spp. acredula) than in the south (spp. trochilus), and showed a sigmoid change in the SNP allele frequencies and body morphology around 65°N. We found no evidence of genetic structuring in the microsatellites. There was no geographical variation in sperm traits across Norway, except that sperm heads were on average longer in the south. Sperm head length was also associated with the two SNP markers, with longer sperm heads for the southern alleles, and midpiece length was weakly associated with one of the SNP markers. Similar among-male variances in total sperm length among the 33 sampling sites indicate uniform levels of sperm competition across Norway. We conclude that sperm morphology remains a rather undifferentiated trait between the two willow warbler subspecies in Scandinavia, which is consistent with a pattern of a shallow genetic divergence. This indicates that sperm morphology is not a reproductive barrier maintaining the narrow hybrid zone.

• Cramer, Emily Rebecca A; Stensrud, Even; Marthinsen, Gunnhild; Hogner, Silje; Johannessen, Lars Erik & Laskemoen, Terje [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2016). Sperm performance in conspecific and heterospecific female fluid. Ecology and Evolution. ISSN 2045-7758. doi: 10.1002/ece3.1977. Full text in Research Archive
• Svoboda, Ales; Marthinsen, Gunnhild; Pavel, Václav; Chutný, Bohumír; Turčoková, Lucia & Lifjeld, Jan Terje [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2014). Die prävalenz von blutparasiten beim blaukehlchen ist verknüpft mit der unterart und dem bruthabitat. Journal of Ornithology = Journal fur Ornithologie. ISSN 0021-8375. 156(2), p. 371–380. doi: 10.1007/s10336-014-1134-9.
• Anttila, K; Couturier, Christine Stephanie; Øverli, Øyvind; Johnsen, Arild; Marthinsen, Gunnhild & Nilsson, Göran Erik [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2014). Atlantic salmon show capability for cardiac acclimation to warm temperatures. Nature Communications. ISSN 2041-1723. 5. doi: 10.1038/ncomms5252.
• Brabrand, Åge; Bremnes, Trond; Koestler, Andreas Georg; Marthinsen, Gunnhild; Pavels, Henning & Rindal, Eirik [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2014). Mass occurrence of bloodsucking blackflies in a regulated river reach: Localization of oviposition habitat of Simulium truncatum using DNA barcoding. Rivers Research and Applications: an international journal devoted to river research and management. ISSN 1535-1459. 30(5), p. 602–608. doi: 10.1002/rra.2669.
• Otterbeck, Andreas; Dale, Svein; Lindén, Andreas & Marthinsen, Gunnhild (2013). A male Reed Warbler and Marsh Warbler hybrid (Acrocephalus scirpaceus × A. palustris) in Norway documented with molecular methods. Ornis Norvegica. ISSN 1502-0878. 36, p. 6–13. doi: 10.15845/on.v36i0.351.
• Garcia-Del-Rey, Eduardo; Marthinsen, Gunnhild; Calabuig, Pascual; Estévez, Loly; Johannessen, Lars Erik & Johnsen, Arild [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2013). Reduced genetic diversity and sperm motility in the endangered Gran Canaria Blue Chaffinch Fringilla teydea polatzeki. Journal of Ornithology = Journal fur Ornithologie. ISSN 0021-8375. 154(3), p. 761–768. doi: 10.1007/s10336-013-0940-9.
• Aarvik, Leif; Karisch, Timm & Marthinsen, Gunnhild (2012). Review of the Afrotropical genus Dracontogena Diakonoff, 1970 (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa. ISSN 1175-5326. p. 345–372. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.3478.1.32.
• Lifjeld, Jan Terje; Marthinsen, Gunnhild; Myklebust, M.; Dawson, Deborah A. & Johnsen, Arild (2010). A wild Marsh Warbler x Sedge Warbler hybrid (Acrocephalus palustris x A. schoenobaenus) in Norway documented with molecular markers. Journal of Ornithology = Journal fur Ornithologie. ISSN 0021-8375. 151(2), p. 513–517. doi: 10.1007/s10336-009-0469-0.
• Marthinsen, Gunnhild; Wennerberg, Liv; Solheim, Roar & Lifjeld, Jan Terje (2009). No phylogeographic structure in the circumpolar snowy owl (Bubo scandiacus). Conservation Genetics. ISSN 1566-0621. 10, p. 923–933. doi: 10.1007/s10592-008-9581-6. Show summary

  The snowy owl (Bubo scandiacus) is a nomadic species with a circumpolar distribution. It has recently declined in the western Palearctic and may thus be worthy of special consideration for conservation. We investigated genetic structure in three well separated geographic regions within the snowy owls’ breeding range. We sequenced two mitochondrial genes; the control region and cytochrome b, and two Z-chromosome introns; VLDLR-9 and BRM-15. We found no phylogeographic structure among the sampled regions, indicating high levels of gene flow in the recent past and possibly still today. Intra-population diversity did not vary between regions for the control region, but for Cyt b, North American birds had higher haplotype diversity than Scandinavian and eastern Siberian birds. Western Palearctic birds do not seem to be genetically deprived or inbred. Genetic diversity in the snowy owl was not lower than Scandinavian populations of three other owl species: tawny owls (Strix aluco), Tengmalm’s owls (Aegolius funereus) and eagle owls (Bubo bubo).

• Svoboda, Ales; Marthinsen, Gunnhild; turcokova, lucia; Lifjeld, Jan Terje & Johnsen, Arild (2009). Identification of blood parasites in Old World Warbler species from the Danube river delta. Avian diseases. ISSN 0005-2086. 53(4), p. 634–636.
• Lislevand, Terje; Marthinsen, Gunnhild & Lifjeld, Jan Terje (2009). Sex differences in body size and body condition in breeding Temminck's Stints Calidris temminckii. Journal of Ornithology = Journal fur Ornithologie. ISSN 0021-8375. 150(1), p. 299–302. doi: 10.1007/s10336-008-0323-9. Show summary

  There have been very few reports of body size measurements of live Temminck’s Stints, but earlier studies have shown sex differences in body mass and tarsus length. Here we use molecular techniques to determine the sex of Temminck’s Stints from a Norwegian breeding population. In total, we report measurements of body weight, wing length, tarsus length, bill length, skull length and keel length from 17 males and 30 females. We found significant sex differences in all of these variables, with the exception of tarsus length. The differences in skull length disappeared after the bill lengths had been subtracted from the measurements. A discriminant function analysis based on wing length and bill length correctly classified 86% of the cases (12/16 males, 25/27 females). Female Temminck’s Stints are known to regularly lay more than one clutch of eggs per season and could therefore be expected to be physiologically deprived of bodily energy stores. Nevertheless, we found females to be in better body condition than males.

• Akbari, Akbar; Marthinsen, Gunnhild; Lifjeld, Jan Terje; Albregtsen, Fritz; Wennerberg, Liv & Stenseth, Nils Christian [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2008). Improved DNA fragment length estimation in capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis. ISSN 0173-0835. 29(6), p. 1273–1285. doi: 10.1002/elps.200700523. Show summary

  In CE the charged DNA strands are fractionated according to fragment lengths as they migrate through the capillary, since shorter DNA fragments pass through the sieving matrix faster. Multiplexed internal size standards are used to estimate the size of unknown DNA fragments. In the literature there are statements about migration abnormalities for the 250 and 340 bp fragments in the GeneScan-500 (GS500) internal size standards. Such anomalous migration of size standards could obviously introduce errors in the estimation of unknown fragments. Therefore, a number of analysis programs simply exclude some of these fragments. In the present work we first evaluate the effect of excluding each of the fragments in the internal size standards used in CE. Next, a method which is based on estimating the true values of the anomalous fragments is presented. The results obtained by the new method indicate a significant improvement compared to results obtained when one (or both) of the anomalous fragments in GS500 is (are) excluded or included when estimating the size of unknown DNA fragments. In the higher-molecular-weight region, the average error is reduced from 1.91 bp in ABI GeneMapper (excluding 250 bp) to 0.15 bp in the new method (using the estimated values for 250 and 340 bp). In the lower-molecular-weight region, excluding both fragments will improve the results by an average of 0.74 bp compared to ABI GeneMapper.

• Marthinsen, Gunnhild; Wennerberg, Liv; Pierce, Elin Pilar & Lifjeld, Jan Terje (2008). Phylogeographic origin and genetic diversity of dunlin Calidris alpina in Svalbard. Polar Biology. ISSN 0722-4060. 31(11), p. 1409–1420. doi: 10.1007/s00300-008-0480-6. Show summary

  We investigated the genetic structure of the presumably small (10–100 pairs) and isolated dunlin (Calidris alpina) population breeding in Svalbard, and compared it with similar data recently published from several dunlin populations in the western Palearctic and East Greenland. Using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers, as well as data on bill lengths, we sought to infer the phylogeographic origin of Svalbard dunlins and assess their within-population level of genetic diversity. Only dunlins with haplotypes of the European mtDNA clade (EUR) were found in Svalbard, indicating a close resemblance to dunlin populations in East Greenland and Iceland. Microsatellite data for Svalbard dunlins, as well as their short bills, also supported a western origin. The Svalbard population did not show signs of inbreeding or reduced levels of genetic diversity compared to other investigated populations, which suggests that the population was recently founded or is currently subject to considerable gene flow.

• Marthinsen, Gunnhild; Wennerberg, Liv & Lifjeld, Jan Terje (2008). Low support for separate species within the redpoll complex (Carduelis flammea-hornemanni-cabaret) from analyses of mtDNA and microsatellite markers. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. ISSN 1055-7903. 47(3), p. 1005–1017. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.03.027.
• Wennerberg, Liv; Marthinsen, Gunnhild & Lifjeld, Jan Terje (2008). Conservation genetics and phylogeography of southern dunlins Calidris alpina schinzii. Journal of Avian Biology. ISSN 0908-8857. 39(4), p. 423–437. doi: 10.1111/j.0908-8857.2008.04351.x. Show summary

  Breeding populations of southern dunlin Calidris alpina schinzii in South Fennoscandia and the Baltic are severely fragmented and declining dramatically. Information on the genetic structure and diversity is therefore of importance for the conservation and management of these populations. Here we present the results of comparative genetic analyses of these populations with other populations of the schinzii, alpina and arctica subspecies in northern Europe. We sequenced the mitochondrial DNA control region and the Z-chromosome intron VLDLR-9, and analyzed microsatellites and AFLPs, for analyses of within-population genetic diversity. We also extended previous analyses of the phylogeographic structure of dunlins in northern Europe with a larger sample of individuals and populations. Our results revealed no evidence of reduced genetic diversity or increased levels of inbreeding in the small and fragmented populations around the Baltic Sea as compared to the more vital and larger populations elsewhere. Nevertheless, their small population sizes and presumably high degree of isolation may lead to local extinctions, indicating that demographic and ecological factors may pose a greater threat to the survival of these populations than purely genetic factors. Phylogeographically, the schinzii populations in Scandinavia and the Baltic do not form a separate genetic clade, but are part of larger cline of genetic variation encompassing several recognized subspecies of dunlins in the western Palearctic region. Only the Icelandic population showed some distinctiveness in genetic structure and might therefore be considered a separate management unit. Our study highlights the general problem of lack of genetic support for subspecies in avian taxonomy and conservation genetics.

• Marthinsen, Gunnhild; Wennerberg, Liv; Solheim, Roar & Lifjeld, Jan Terje (2008). No phylogeographic structure in the circumpolar snowy owls (Bubo scandiacus). Conservation Genetics. ISSN 1566-0621. 10(4), p. 923–933. doi: 10.1007/s10592-008-9581-6. Full text in Research Archive
• Marthinsen, Gunnhild; Wennerberg, Liv & Lifjeld, Jan Terje (2007). Phylogeography and subspecies taxonomy of dunlins (Calidris alpina) in western Palearctic analysed by DNA microsatellites and amplified fragment length polymorphism markers. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. ISSN 0024-4066. 92(4), p. 713–726. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00931.x.
• Kleven, Oddmund; Marthinsen, Gunnhild & Lifjeld, Jan Terje (2006). Male extraterritorial forays, age and paternity in the socially monogamous reed bunting (Emberiza schoeniclus). Journal of Ornithology = Journal fur Ornithologie. ISSN 0021-8375. 147.
• Marthinsen, Gunnhild; Kleven, Oddmund; Brenna, Erik & Lifjeld, Jan Terje (2005). Part-time mate guarding affects paternity in male reed buntings (Emberiza schoeniclus). Ethology. ISSN 0179-1613. 111, p. 397–409.

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• Ekrem, Torbjørn; Alsos, Inger Greve; de Boer, Hugo; Hosia, Aino Laila Johanna; Stur, Elisabeth & Aspaas, Aina Mærk [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2022). Lessons learned from NorBOL: Opportunities and challenges building reference libraries of marine, freshwater and terrestrial biotas. Show summary

  The Norwegian Barcode of Life Network (NorBOL) was established in 2008 and has since 2014 been Norway’s national research infrastructure for DNA barcoding. Since then, the consortium partners of NorBOL as well as more informal collaborators have generated DNA barcodes of around 22 000 species, roughly one third of the estimated species diversity in Norway. In this presentation we review some of the achievements made and discuss a few challenges we encountered on the way. In NorBOL we have directed our efforts towards multicellular life from all realms and therefore have comparative results from a diverse group of organisms. Our focus in this presentation will be on DNA barcoding of fungi, invertebrates and plants, and how lessons learned from barcoding these organisms can help us to further develop NorBOL to match the goals of BIOSCAN and other biodiversity research and management initiatives

• Cramer, Emily Rebecca Alison; Garcia-del-Rey, Eduardo; Johannessen, Lars Erik; Laskemoen, Terje; Marthinsen, Gunnhild & Johnsen, Arild [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). Sperm evolution in the Canary Islands chiffchaff .
• Brandrud, Tor Erik; Fadnes, Per; Bendiksen, Egil; Bendiksen, Katriina; Marthinsen, Gunnhild & Wollan, Anders Kvalvåg (2021). 24th Nordic Mycological Congress 2019 Stord, Sunnhordland: into the wet wild west. Agarica. ISSN 0800-1820. 42, p. 139–151.
• Marthinsen, Gunnhild & Johnsen, Arild (2019). DNA-strekkoding: genetisk identifisering av arter. Biolog. ISSN 0801-0722. 37(3-4), p. 24–29.
• Ekrem, Torbjørn; Alsos, Inger Greve; Johnsen, Arild; Willassen, Endre; Aspaas, Aina Mærk & Merkel, Marie Kristine Føreid [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2019). Five years as national research infrastructure: status of the Norwegian Barcode of Life Network (NorBOL).
• Ekrem, Torbjørn; Alsos, Inger Greve; Johnsen, Arild; Willassen, Endre; Aspaas, Aina Mærk & Merkel, Marie Kristine Føreid [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2019). Five years as national research infrastructure: status of the Norwegian Barcode of Life Network (NorBOL). Genome. ISSN 0831-2796. 62(6). doi: 10.1139/gen-2019-0083.
• Marthinsen, Gunnhild; Bendiksby, Mika; Brandrud, Tor Erik; Dima, Bálint; Hansen, Lars Ove & Johnsen, Arild [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2017). Discordance between morphology and DNA barcodes in lichens, fungi and insects.
• Marthinsen, Gunnhild (2017). Analyzes in BOLD v4.
• Marthinsen, Gunnhild (2017). DNA strekkoding av sommerfugler.
• Ekrem, Torbjørn; Alsos, Inger Greve; Johnsen, Arild; Willassen, Endre; Aspaas, Aina Mærk & Merkel, Marie Kristine Føreid [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2017). Progress and prospects of the Norwegian Barcode of Life Network (NorBOL). Genome. ISSN 0831-2796. 60(11), p. 930–930. doi: 10.1139/gen-2017-0209.
• Ekrem, Torbjørn; Alsos, Inger Greve; Johnsen, Arild; Willassen, Endre; Aspaas, Aina Mærk & Merkel, Marie Kristine Føreid [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2017). Progress and prospects of the Norwegian Barcode of Life Network (NorBOL).
• Ekrem, Torbjørn; Alsos, Inger Greve; Johnsen, Arild; Willassen, Endre; Aspaas, Aina Mærk & Kongshavn, Katrine [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2017). The Norwegian Barcode of Life Network (NorBOL).
• Ekrem, Torbjørn; Alsos, Inger Greve; Johnsen, Arild; Willassen, Endre; Aspaas, Aina Mærk & Merkel, Marie Kristine Føreid [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2016). The Norwegian Barcode of Life Network (NorBOL).
• Ekrem, Torbjørn; Alsos, Inger Greve; Johnsen, Arild; Willassen, Endre; Aspaas, Aina Mærk & Føreid, Marie Kristine [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2015). The Norwegian Barcode of Life Network (NorBOL). Genome. ISSN 0831-2796. 58(5). Show summary

  Background: NorBOL (www.norbol.org) was formed in 2007 as a national network to (i) advance barcoding of Norwegian and Arctic biodiversity, (ii) raise funding, (iii) curate barcode reference material, (iv) coordinate and initiate new barcoding projects, and (v) increase public awareness of DNA barcoding and barcoding results in Norway. NorBOL is a regional node within iBOL, with a particular responsibility for Polar Regions. NorBOL is coordinated by the NTNU University Museum in Trondheim and connects 16 institutions, including all four major natural history museums as well as all major research institutes in Norway. Results: Despite strong support among research institutions, substantial external funding was only first achieved in 2012 through a grant from the Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre. Further funding was obtained in 2014 from both the Research Council of Norway and the Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre. Since then, barcoding progress of the Norwegian fauna, flora, and fungi has increased, and the Barcode of Life Data Systems database currently holds more than 42 000 published sequence records (27 000 DNA barcodes) of more than 7200 species from Norway. Significance: The goal for NorBOL is to barcode 20 000 species by the end of 2018. NorBOL currently targets barcoding of museum collections, lichens, fungi, marine invertebrates, fish, and material from biosurveillance projects supported by the Norwegian Taxonomy Initiative. We collaborate with Swedish institutions on sampling of marine invertebrates, earthworms, and insects. An expansion of inter-Scandinavian barcoding collaboration is in progress. As the standard barcode gene regions have limited taxonomic resolution for the species level in many vascular plant groups, we are engaged in testing if low-coverage shotgun sequencing of herbarium material is useful to obtain the full plant plastid genomes.

• Kongshavn, Katrine & Marthinsen, Gunnhild (2015). Genetisk strekkoding av sopp i Norge gjennom NorBOL.
• Marthinsen, Gunnhild (2015). DNA strekkoding av sopp på Høstsopptreffet 2015.
• Marthinsen, Gunnhild (2015). Siste nytt om DNA strekkoding fra NorBOL.
• Ekrem, Torbjørn; Alsos, Inger Greve; Johnsen, Arild; Willassen, Endre; Aspaas, Aina Mærk & Føreid, Marie Kristine [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2015). The Norwegian Barcode of Life Network (NorBOL). Show summary

  Background: NorBOL (www.norbol.org) was formed in 2007 as a national network to (i) advance barcoding of Norwegian and Arctic biodiversity, (ii) raise funding, (iii) curate barcode reference material, (iv) coordinate and initiate new barcoding projects, and (v) increase public awareness of DNA barcoding and barcoding results in Norway. NorBOL is a regional node within iBOL, with a particular responsibility for Polar Regions. NorBOL is coordinated by the NTNU University Museum in Trondheim and connects 16 institutions, including all four major natural history museums as well as all major research institutes in Norway. Results: Despite strong support among research institutions, substantial external funding was only first achieved in 2012 through a grant from the Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre. Further funding was obtained in 2014 from both the Research Council of Norway and the Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre. Since then, barcoding progress of the Norwegian fauna, flora, and fungi has increased, and the Barcode of Life Data Systems database currently holds more than 42 000 published sequence records (27 000 DNA barcodes) of more than 7200 species from Norway. Significance: The goal for NorBOL is to barcode 20 000 species by the end of 2018. NorBOL currently targets barcoding of museum collections, lichens, fungi, marine invertebrates, fish, and material from biosurveillance projects supported by the Norwegian Taxonomy Initiative. We collaborate with Swedish institutions on sampling of marine invertebrates, earthworms, and insects. An expansion of inter-Scandinavian barcoding collaboration is in progress. As the standard barcode gene regions have limited taxonomic resolution for the species level in many vascular plant groups, we are engaged in testing if low-coverage shotgun sequencing of herbarium material is useful to obtain the full plant plastid genomes.

• Karlsen, Pål & Marthinsen, Gunnhild (2014). Barcoding strek for sterk - En kort introduksjon til Barcode of life. Sopp og nyttevekster. ISSN 1504-4165. 10(4), p. 12–15.
• Ekrem, Torbjørn; Alsos, Inger Greve; Johnsen, Arild; Willassen, Endre; Aspaas, Aina Mærk & Føreid, Marie Kristine [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2014). The Norwegian Barcode of Life Network (NorBOL). Show summary

  NorBOL (www.norbol.org) was formed in 2007 as a national network to 1) advance barcoding of Norwegian and Arctic biodiversity, 2) raise funding, 3) curate barcode reference material, 4) coordinate and initiate new barcoding projects, and 5) increase public awareness of DNA barcoding and barcoding results in Norway. NorBOL is a regional node within iBOL, with a particular responsibility for Polar Regions. NorBOL is coordinated by the NTNU University Museum in Trondheim and connects 16 institutions, including all four major natural history museums as well as all major research institutes in Norway. Despite strong support among research institutions, substantial external funding was only first achieved in 2012 through a grant from the Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre. Further funding was obtained in 2014 from both the Research Council of Norway and the Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre. Since then, barcoding progress of the Norwegian fauna, flora and fungi has increased and the Barcode of Life Data Systems database currently holds more than 30 000 DNA barcodes of more than 5000 species from Norway. The goal for NorBOL is to barcode 20,000 species by the end of 2018. NorBOL currently targets barcoding of museum collections, lichens, fungi, coastal marine invertebrates, and material from biosurveillance projects supported by the Norwegian Taxonomy Initiative. Collaboration with Swedish institutions on sampling of marine invertebrates for barcoding was initiated in 2006 and on earthworms in 2010. An expansion of inter-Scandinavian barcoding collaboration is in progress.

• Ekrem, Torbjørn; Alsos, Inger Greve; Johnsen, Arild; Willassen, Endre; Aspaas, Aina Mærk & Føreid, Marie Kristine [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2014). Norwegian Barcode of Life.
• Marthinsen, Gunnhild & Helleve, Torstein (2014). DNA-dugnad i soppskogen. [Internet]. forskning.no.
• Marthinsen, Gunnhild (2014). Introduksjon til DNA strekkoding.
• Marthinsen, Gunnhild (2014). DNA strekkoding av sopp på NRK Østlandssendingen TV. [TV]. NRK Østlandssendingen.
• Marthinsen, Gunnhild (2014). Introduksjon til DNA strekkoding av sopp.
• Marthinsen, Gunnhild (2014). DNA strekkoding av sopp.
• Ekrem, Torbjørn; Alsos, Inger Greve; Johnsen, Arild; Willassen, Endre; Stur, Elisabeth & Marthinsen, Gunnhild [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2013). The Norwegian Barcode of Life.
• Marthinsen, Gunnhild (2005). Hvor flyr snøugla? DNA gir svar.
• Solheim, Roar; Wennerberg, Liv & Marthinsen, Gunnhild (2005). Ut i naturen. [TV]. NRK.
• Marthinsen, Gunnhild; Wennerberg, Liv & Lifjeld, Jan Terje (2005). Dunlins (Calidris alpina) in Northern Europe:Does molecular genetics support the currently recognized subspecies?
• Marthinsen, Gunnhild; Wennerberg, Liv & Lifjeld, Jan Terje (2005). Genetic structure in Dunlins (Calidris alpina) in Northern Europe shown by mtDNA, microsatellites and AFLP.
• Marthinsen, Gunnhild (2005). Truede fugler � bevaringsverdi avhenger av artsdefinisjon.
• Marthinsen, Gunnhild; Wennerberg, Liv & Solheim, Roar (2004). Snøuglas fylogeografi; del av "Uglesett".
• Solheim, Roar; Wennerberg, Liv; Marthinsen, Gunnhild & Lifjeld, Jan Terje (2004). Hvor langt vandrer snøugla? Snøuglas populasjonsstruktur belyst ved DNA-analyse av museumsmateriale. Vår Fuglefauna. ISSN 0332-5601. 27(2), p. 66–69.
• Marthinsen, Gunnhild (2004). Juleuglen - Naturhistorisk museums julekalender i Østlandssendingen.
• Marthinsen, Gunnhild; Wennerberg, Liv & Lifjeld, Jan Terje (2004). Population differentiation in dunlins Calidris alpina in Northern Europe.
• Brabrand, Åge; Pavels, Henning; Bremnes, Trond; Marthinsen, Gunnhild; Dokk, John Gunnar & Museth, Jon (2014). Påvisning av gyteområder for asp og erfaring med bruk av el-fiskebåt i Leira og Nitelva. Naturhistorisk museum, UiO. ISSN 978-82-7970-054-8.
• Brabrand, Åge; Bremnes, Trond; Marthinsen, Gunnhild; Rindal, Eirik; Pavels, Henning & Saltveit, Svein Jakob [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2009). Masseforekomst av tuneflue og regulering av Ågårdselva og Glomma, Østfold. Universitetet i Oslo. ISSN 0333-161X.
• Marthinsen, Gunnhild (2003). Mate guarding in relation to paternity in the reed bunting (Emberiza schoeniclus). Universitetet i Oslo.

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