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Harmeria scutulata

Harmeria scutulata is a rather strange bryozoan. It is the only species in the genus Harmeria and it also has zooids at the edge of the colony that look different from the ones in the middle. This makes the species quite easy to recognize. The species thrives in the intertidal zone and sublittoral zone and prefers arctic regions. In the university museums in Norway, we have some older records and collection objects of this species, but no newer records (except for research material such as in Kuklinski & Taylor, 2006).

An electron microscope image of Harmeria scutulata
Harmeria scutulata. Photo: Mali H. Ramsfjell

In Harmeria scutulata you have zooids of two different sizes (and morphologies). The larger zooids are found in the inner part of the colony, while you will find rows of smaller zooids at the edge. A study by Kuklinski & Taylor from 2006 has looked at H. scutulata and revealed the strange life history strategy of the species.

It turns out that the small zooids do not actually feed at all, and small, round structures have been observed in the same zooids. These are most likely eggs/embryos. In other cheilostome bryozoans you usually have either ovicells or internal brooding in autozooids. Here you have a polymorphic zooid doing the parental care.

Electron microscopy image showing the two different types of zooids
The two different types of zooids in Harmeria scutulata. Photo: Mali H. Ramsfjell

References:
Kuklinski, P., & Taylor, P. D. (2006). Unique life history strategy in a successful Arctic bryozoan, Harmeria scutulata. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 86(6), 1305–1314. doi:10.1017/S0025315406014330

Tags: Species facts, Artsdatabanken, NorDigBryo, Bryozoa, Marine invertebrates
Published Dec. 2, 2025 8:54 AM - Last modified Dec. 2, 2025 8:58 AM