Geir Einar Ellefsen Søli

• Coulson, Stephen James; Bartlett, Jesamine; Boström, Sven; Brittain, John Edward; Christoffersen, Kirsten S. & Convey, Peter [Show all 26 contributors for this article] (2024). On the terrestrial and freshwater invertebrate diversity of the High Arctic archipelago of Svalbard: a revised species inventory and synopsis of the community composition. Arctic Science. ISSN 2368-7460. 10(4), p. 799–814. doi: 10.1139/as-2024-0017. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Arctic terrestrial invertebrate biodiversity is generally poorly known, but the archipelago of Svalbard has one of the most up-to-date inventories of its terrestrial and freshwater faunas of any Arctic region, offering a baseline for long term monitoring of invertebrate communities in space and time. Since the most recent review of the Svalbard invertebrate fauna was produced in 2014, knowledge of this fauna has developed and this inventory is here critically revised and updated. Our aims are (1) to critically review the inventory based on current taxonomic knowledge, (2) publish the complete species inventory, including cross-referencing to the relevant publications, in an open access data archive (GBIF), and (3) highlight the particular advantages that working in Svalbard may bring for scientists working on terrestrial, freshwater, and cryospheric environments. The inventory contains a total 1091 valid species names or interim names. A gap analysis in the Barcode of Life Data Systems reveals that 50% of the species currently documented from Svalbard lack COI (Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1) barcode reference sequences in this database. Gaps in our knowledge of the Svalbard fauna and how these may be resolved are discussed.

• Johannessen, Lars Erik; Johnsen, Arild; Koppetsch, Thore; Lifjeld, Jan Terje; Matschiner, Michael & Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). Arctic Specimens in the Zoological Collections at the Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Norway (NHMO). Collections: A Journal for Museum and Archives Professionals. ISSN 1550-1906. doi: 10.1177/15501906231167574. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In the NHMO zoological collections, specimens from the Arctic include about 9,000 mammals and 7,100 birds, whereas the Insect Collection holds about 105,000 specimens plus more than hundred jars with unsorted material. The Fish Collection contains approximately 1,400 specimens, while the Herptile Collection (amphibians & reptiles) holds only thirty-one specimens of three taxa. Many of these specimens originate from expeditions to E Greenland, N Canada, Svalbard, Novaya Zemlya, Finnmark, and NE Siberia in the period 1898 to 1966. Furthermore, the DNA Bank has about 5,600 tissue and extracted DNA samples, mostly sampled from wild animals during the last decades but also from specimens in the voucher collections. Most of the Arctic specimens have been digitized and are available in online data portals like GBIF, except for the Insect Collection, where only the type material and about 30 percent of the total specimens are digitized.

• Lindemann, Jon Peder; Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen & Kjærandsen, Jostein (2021). Revision of the Exechia parva group (Diptera: Mycetophilidae). Biodiversity Data Journal. ISSN 1314-2836. 9. doi: 10.3897/BDJ.9.e67134. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Exechia is a diverse genus of small fungus gnats, widespread in the Holarctic Region, while the fauna is largely unknown elsewhere, such as in the Afrotropical and Oriental Region. Members of Exechia can be arranged into several species groups, based on homologies in the male and female terminalia. The Exechia parva group is delimited, based on male terminalia possessing a pair of gonocoxal lobes on the apicoventral gonocoxal margin. Eight previously-described species can be placed in this group, of which six are from the Holarctic Region, while one is recorded each from the Oriental and the Afrotropical Regions.

• Thunes, Karl H; Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen; Thuroczy, Csaba; Fjellberg, Arne; Olberg, Stefan & Roth, Steffen [Show all 26 contributors for this article] (2021). The Arthropod Fauna of Oak (Quercus spp., Fagaceae) Canopies in Norway. Diversity. 13(7). doi: 10.3390/d13070332. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  (1) We document the invertebrate fauna collected from 24 oak canopies in east and west Norway as a contribution to the Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre’s ‘The Norwegian Taxonomy Initiative’. (2) A snap-shot inventory of the canopies was recorded by means of emitting a mist of natural pyrethrum into the canopies at night using a petrol-driven fogger and collecting the specimens in butterfly nets spread on the ground under the canopy. (3) Almost the entire catch of more than 6800 specimens was identified to 722 species. Out of 92 species new to the Norwegian fauna, 21 were new to science and, additionally, 15 were new to the Nordic fauna. Diptera alone constituted nearly half of the species represented, with 61 new records (18 new species). Additionally, 24 Hymenoptera (one new species), six oribatid mites (two new species) and one Thysanoptera were new to the Norwegian fauna. (4) Our study emphasizes the importance of the oak tree as a habitat both for a specific fauna and occasional visitors, and it demonstrates that the canopy fogging technique is an efficient way to find the ‘hidden fauna’ of Norwegian forests. The low number of red listed species found reflects how poor the Norwegian insect fauna is still studied. Moreover, the implication of the IUCN red list criteria for newly described or newly observed species is discussed.

• Magnussen, Trude; Johnsen, Arild; Kjærandsen, Jostein; Struck, Torsten H & Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen (2021). Molecular phylogeny of Allodia (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) constructed using genome skimming. Systematic Entomology. ISSN 0307-6970. p. 1–15. doi: 10.1111/syen.12529. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In this study, we use low-coverage shotgun sequencing of genomic DNA, commonly referred to as genome skimming, to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of the fungus gnat genus Allodia Winnertz (Mycetophilidae, Mycetophilinae, Exechiini). Nineteen specimens, representing 16 in-group and three outgroup taxa, were successfully sequenced and molecular markers of both mitochondrial and nuclear origin were retrieved. The phylogenetic analyses of 13 protein-coding mitochondrial genes, two ribosomal mitochondrial genes and the nuclear ribosomal 18S and 28S strongly support the monophyly of its two subgenera Allodia s.s. and Brachycampta. Complete mitochondrial genomes of 15 species were assembled, which enables further comparisons with the mitochondrial genomes of other Diptera. Overall, the methodology used in this study proved successful and promising for other dipteran groups. In addition to the phylogenetic reconstruction, the morphological characters previously used to separate the two subgenera were evaluated and re-examined. Together with the composite structure of the male genitalia, we consider details of the scutal bristles appropriate for separating the two groups. Based on the achieved results, we reinstate Brachycampta stat. rev. as a separate genus.

• Kjærandsen, Jostein & Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen (2020). Updated checklist of Norwegian Mycetophilidae (Diptera), with 92% DNA barcode reference coverage. Norwegian Journal of Entomology. ISSN 1501-8415. 67(2), p. 201–234. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Up to present 602 species and 65 genera of fungus gnats, family Mycetophilidae, are published from Norway. Extensive collecting supported by the Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre (NBIC) over the eight last years, with special focus on insect fauna in northern Norway, has documented 240 additional species and 2 additional genera from Norway, of which 118 species are considered as new to science. Based on a thorough review of the species previously published from Norway, we have crossed out six species as misidentified. One new synonym is established: Boletina conformis Siebke, 1863 syn. n. = Boletina plana (Walker, 1856). Two species are restituated based on integrative studies including DNA barcodes. These are Ectrepesthoneura bucera Plassmann, 1980 sp. restit., found to be a distinct species separate from Ectrepesthoneura ovata Ostroverkhova, 1977, and Trichonta trifida Lundstrom, 1909 sp. restit., found to be a distinct species separate from Trichonta vulcani (Dziedzicki, 1889). The updated, validated A-checklist includes 821 species of which 703 (86%) refer to formally described species and 118 (14%) to potentially undescribed species, referred to by their interim names as used on BOLD and in our databases. All species are documented with specimens in the museum collections at either Tromsø University Museum (TMU, 781 species, 95%) and/or the Natural History Museum in Oslo (NHMO, 382 species, 47%). Another 14 published species are transferred to a B-checklist with currently unvalidated species, as we fail to recover voucher representatives. Supported by the Norwegian Barcode of Life (NorBOL) network, we have DNA barcoded as many species as possible contributing to the reference library on The Barcode of Life Project (BOLD). Hence, 756 (92%) of the validated Norwegian species are currently documented with DNA barcodes and assigned Barcode Index Numbers (BINs) on BOLD, including the majority of the species considered new to science based on morphology (103 species, 87% of the 118). The checklist, is kept in a short format giving the published species names or interim names as used on BOLD and in our databases, depository information, assigned BINs with indications of discordance, and finally their (2015) Red List status in Norway. An accompanying dataset containing recording details and distribution of all new records from Norway of described species, is published on GBIF and on Norway’s Species Map Service (Artskart).

• Hippa, Heikki; Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen & Kurina, Olavi (2019). New data on the genus Manota Williston (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) from Africa, with an updated key to the species. Zootaxa. ISSN 1175-5326. 4652(3), p. 401–441. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.4652.3.1. Full text in Research Archive
• Magnussen, Trude; Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen & Kjærandsen, Jostein (2019). Allodia Winnertz from the Himalayas, with nine species new to science (Diptera, Mycetophilidae). ZooKeys. ISSN 1313-2989. 820, p. 119–138. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.820.31618. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  An extensive collection of fungus gnats from Nepal and Bhutan, deposited at Kyushu University Museum in Japan, has been examined and revealed nine species of <i>Allodia</i> Winnertz, 1864 new to science: <i>Allodia caligata</i> Magnussen, <b>sp. n.</b>, <i>A. dibolia</i> Magnussen, <b>sp. n.</b>, <i>A. shimai</i> Magnussen, <b>sp. n.</b>, <i>A. spathulata</i> Magnussen, <b>sp. n.</b>, <i>A. horologia</i> Magnussen, <b>sp. n.</b>, <i>A. himalayensis</i> Magnussen, <b>sp. n.</b>, <i>A. nepalensis</i> Magnussen, <b>sp. n.</b>, <i>A. thudamensis</i> Magnussen, <b>sp. n.</b>, and <i>A. scalprata</i> Magnussen, <b>sp. n.</b> All specimens were collected at high altitudes in the central and eastern Himalayas. The species all belong to the subgenus <i>Allodia</i> s. str. and constitute the first records of the genus <i>Allodia</i> in Nepal and Bhutan. <i>Brevicornu nigrofasciatum</i> (Brunetti, 1912) <b>comb. n.</b>, originally described from northern India, is transferred from <i>Allodia</i> based on the original description. A key for the identification of the new species is provided.

• Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen; Aarvik, Leif & Magnussen, Trude (2018). Plutella polaris Zeller, 1880 (Lepidoptera, Plutellidae) rediscovered at Svalbard, Norway, with comments on its taxonomic position. Nota lepidopterologica. ISSN 0342-7536. 41(1), p. 129–137. doi: 10.3897/nl.41.22423. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  After 142 years, Plutellapolaris Zeller, 1880 was rediscovered at Svalbard, Norway, in 2015. The locality and its vegetation are described. The specimen is the first female ever recorded, and its genitalia are illustrated. The taxonomic position of P.polaris relative to other Plutella Schrank, 1802 species in the Northern hemisphere is discussed.

• Magnussen, Trude; Kjærandsen, Jostein; Johnsen, Arild & Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen (2018). Six new species of Afrotropical Allodia (Diptera: Mycetophilidae): DNA barcodes indicate recent diversification with a single origin. Zootaxa. ISSN 1175-5326. 4407(3), p. 301–320. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.4407.3.1. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Only one species of the genus Allodia has been previously recorded from the Afrotropical region, Allodia (Brachycampta) flavorufa Matile, 1978. Six new species are described here, all representing the nominotypical subgenus, Allodia s.s. The new species are described from material collected in different mountainous areas in south and east Africa; A. jaschhofi sp. nov., A. karkloofensis sp. nov., A. drakensbergensis sp. nov., A. nyeriensis sp. nov., A. mazumbaiensis sp. nov. and A. keurbosensis sp. nov. The species are morphologically very similar, and can only be separated based on minor differences in wing venation and characters of the male terminalia. The genetic differences between the species in the DNA barcode region (CO1), however, support delimitation. The origin and distribution of these Afrotropical taxa, in relation to each other and to their Holarctic relatives, is discussed.

• Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen (2017). Mycetophilidae (Fungus Gnats). In Kirk-Spriggs, Ashley H. & Sinclair, Bradley J. (Ed.), Manual of Afrotropical Diptera. Volume 2: Nematocerous Diptera and lower Brachycera. South African National Biodiversity Institute. ISSN 9781928224129. p. 533–555. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  © 2017 South African National Biodiversity Institute Pretoria

• Coulson, Stephen James; Convey, Peter; Aakra, Kjetil; Aarvik, Leif; Ávila-Jimenéz, Maria Luisa & Babenko, A. [Show all 40 contributors for this article] (2014). The terrestrial and freshwater invertebrate biodiversity of the archipelagoes of the Barents Sea, Svalbard, Franz Josef Land and Novaya Zemlya. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. ISSN 0038-0717. 68, p. 440–470. doi: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.10.006. Full text in Research Archive
• Köhler, Arne; Menzel, Frank; Thunes, Karl Hilding & Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen (2014). Black Fungus Gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae) in oak canopies: description of Bradysia quercina Menzel & Köhler spec. nov. and new records for Norway. Studia Dipterologica. ISSN 0945-3954. 20(2), p. 325–331. Full text in Research Archive
• Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen & Rindal, Eirik (2014). The genus Sylvicola Harris, 1780 (Diptera, Anisopodidae) in Norway – with a key to the North European species. Norwegian Journal of Entomology. ISSN 1501-8415. 61, p. 190–200. Full text in Research Archive
• Coulson, Stephen James; Fjellberg, Arne; Gwiazdowicz, Dariusz J.; Lebedeva, Natalia V.; Melekhina, Elena N. & Solhøy, Torstein [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2013). The invertebrate fauna of anthropogenic soils in the High-Arctic settlement of Barentsburg, Svalbard. Polar Research. ISSN 0800-0395. 32. doi: 10.3402/polar.v32i0.19273. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The terrestrial environment of the High Arctic consists of a mosaic of habitat types. In addition to the natural habitat diversity, various human-influenced types may occur. For the resident invertebrate fauna, these anthropogenic habitats may be either unusually favourable or detrimental. In the town of Barentsburg, Svalbard, soils were imported for the greenhouses from southern Russia. These soils were subsequently discarded outside the greenhouses and have become augmented with manure from the cowsheds. Both the greenhouse and the cowsheds are now derelict. This site represents an unusually nutrient-rich location with considerable development of organic soils, in stark contrast to the naturally forming organic soils in Svalbard, which are typically thin and nutrient poor. Few previous studies have examined the soil invertebrate communities of human-disturbed or -created habitats in the Arctic. In an often nutrient-poor terrestrial environment, it is unclear how the invertebrate fauna will react to such nutrient enhancement. In these soils, 46 species of invertebrates were determined. Eleven species have not been recorded from other habitats in Svalbard and are hence likely to have been introduced. The native species assemblage in the anthropogenic soils was not atypical for many natural sites in Svalbard. Despite the enriched organic soils and highly ameliorated winter temperature conditions, the soil invertebrate fauna biodiversity does not appear to be enhanced beyond the presence of certain probably introduced species.

• Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen & Rindal, Eirik (2012). Fungus gnats (Diptera, Mycetophilidae) from Finnmark, northern Norway. Norwegian Journal of Entomology. ISSN 1501-8415. 59(2), p. 158–181. Full text in Research Archive
• Ekrem, Torbjørn; Roth, Steffen; Andersen, Trond; Stur, Elisabeth; Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen & Halvorsen, Godtfred Anker (2012). Insects inhabiting freshwater and humid habitats in Finnmark, northern Norway. Norwegian Journal of Entomology. ISSN 1501-8415. 59(2), p. 91–107. Full text in Research Archive
• Coulson, Stephen James; Fjellberg, Arne; Gwiazdowicz, Dariusz J.; Lebedeva, Natalia V.; Melekhina, Elena N. & Solhøy, Torstein [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2012). Introduction of invertebrates into the High Arctic via imported soils: the case of Barentsburg in the Svalbard. Biological Invasions. ISSN 1387-3547. 15(1), p. 1–5. doi: 10.1007/s10530-012-0277-y. Full text in Research Archive
• Gammelmo, Øivind & Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen (2011). Notes on new and interesting Diptera from Norway. Norwegian Journal of Entomology. ISSN 1501-8415. 58, p. 189–195. Full text in Research Archive
• Rindal, Eirik & Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen (2010). Ristocordyla nom. nov (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) a replacement name for the subgenus Paracordyla Tuomikoski, 1966, nec Hallmann, 1912. Zootaxa. ISSN 1175-5326. p. 67–68. Full text in Research Archive
• Rindal, Eirik; Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen & Bachmann, Lutz (2009). Molecular phylogeny of the fungus gnat family Mycetophilidae (Diptera, Mycetophiliformia). Systematic Entomology. ISSN 0307-6970. 34(3), p. 524–532. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2009.00474.x. Full text in Research Archive
• Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen; Rindal, Eirik & Hansen, Lars Ove (2009). New records of fungus gnats for Norway (Diptera, Mycetophilidae). Norwegian Journal of Entomology. ISSN 1501-8415. 56, p. 69–73. Full text in Research Archive
• Rindal, Eirik; Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen & Bachmann, Lutz (2009). On the systematics of the fungus gnat subfamily Mycetophilinae (Diptera): a combined morphological and molecular approach. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. ISSN 0947-5745. 47(3), p. 227–233. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0469.2008.00498.x. Full text in Research Archive
• Rindal, Eirik; Gammelmo, Øivind & Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen (2008). On the family Keroplatidae in Norway (Diptera, Mycetophiliformia). Norwegian Journal of Entomology. ISSN 1501-8415. 55(1), p. 81–85. Full text in Research Archive
• Rindal, Eirik; Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen & Gammelmo, Øivind (2008). On the family Bolitophilidae (Diptera, Mycetophiliformia) in Norway. Norwegian Journal of Entomology. ISSN 1501-8415. 55(2), p. 169–173. Full text in Research Archive
• Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen & Kjærandsen, Jostein (2008). Additions to the Norwegian fauna of fungus gnats (Diptera, Mycetophilidae). Norwegian Journal of Entomology. ISSN 1501-8415. 55(1), p. 31–41. Full text in Research Archive
• Rindal, Eirik; Kjærandsen, Jostein; Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen & Bachmann, Lutz (2007). Molecular phylogeny of the fungus gnat tribe Exechiini (Mycetophilidae, Diptera). Zoologica Scripta. ISSN 0300-3256. 36, p. 327–335. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-6409.2007.00285.x. Full text in Research Archive
• Gammelmo, Øivind; Nielsen, Tore R.; Falck, Morten; Greve, Lita; Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen & Økland, Bjørn (2006). Tovinger, Diptera. In Kålås, J.A.; Viken, Å. & Bakken, T. (Ed.), Norsk Rødliste 2006. Artsdatabanken. ISSN 9788292838006. p. 285–296. Full text in Research Archive
• Gammelmo, Øivind & Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen (2006). Norwegian fungus gnats of the family Mycetophilidae (Diptera, Nematocera). Norwegian Journal of Entomology. ISSN 1501-8415. 53(1), p. 57–69. Full text in Research Archive

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• Bungum, Berit; Spilde, Ingrid & Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen (2006). Gaia 5 : lærerveiledning : naturfag for barnetrinnet. Gyldendal Norsk Forlag A/S. ISBN 9788205335929. Full text in Research Archive

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• Bengtson, Roald; Bøhn, Ole Kristoffer; Elven, Hallvard; Endrestøl, Anders; Gammelmo, Øivind & Leendertse, Arjen [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2025). In memoriam Blomsterfluepioneren Tore R. Nielsen til minne. Insektnytt. ISSN 0800-1804. 50(2), p. 37–41. doi: http:/www.entomologi.no/journals/insektnytt/Insekt-Nytt.html. Full text in Research Archive
• Eriksen, Tor Erik; Brittain, John E; Søli, Geir; Jacobsen, Dean; Goethals, Peter & Friberg, Nikolai (2021). A global perspective on the application of riverine macroinvertebrates as biological indicators in Africa, South-Central America, Mexico and Southern Asia. Ecological Indicators. ISSN 1470-160X. 126. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107609. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The aim of this study is to generate a first global overview of pressures and methods used to assess the environmental quality of rivers and streams using macroinvertebrates. In total, 314 peer-review studies were reviewed, published in the period 1997 – 2018, from developing economies in Africa, South-Central America, Mexico and Southern Asia. To establish a global perspective, the results from the literature review were compared to other compiled datasets, biomonitoring manuals, environmental surveys and literature reviews from Europe, North America and Australasia. The literature review from the developing economies showed that sampling was most usual during baseflow, using kick- or Surber sampling, with taxonomical identification levels mostly to genus or family. Assessments were most often done using metrics (singular and multimetrics; > 70% of the applications) and were based on community attributes related to richness and dominance (58% of studies), sensitivity (40%), diversity by heterogeneity (32%) and functional traits (25%). Within each category, the most used metrics were the richness and dominance of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT), Biological Monitoring Working Party scoring systems (BMWP/ASPT), Shannon-Wiener diversity and feeding traits. Overall, 92% of the reviewed studies reported that the use of macroinvertebrates, at least in some of their responses, was successful in detecting degradation of environmental quality in the investigated rivers. Given the many similarities in applied methods worldwide, at present, we consider that a global assessment of riverine environmental quality can be feasible by using family level identifications of macroinvertebrate samples. We propose a global common metric (multimetric), comprising three of the most common river assessment metrics from the reviewed literature, but also elsewhere, namely the BMWP/ASPT, Shannon-Wiener diversity and richness of EPT. Recent concerns regarding the global state of nature and consequences for freshwater communities, as reported by the intergovernmental science-policy platform on biodiversity and ecosystem services (IPBES), emphasize the urgent need for such a synthesis.

• Eriksen, Tor Erik; Jacobsen, Dean; Demars, Benoît O.L.; Brittain, John E; Søli, Geir & Friberg, Nikolai (2021). Effects of pollution-induced changes in oxygen conditions scaling up from individuals to ecosystems in a tropical river network. Science of the Total Environment. ISSN 0048-9697. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151958. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Anthropogenic inputs of nutrients and organic matter are common in tropical lowland rivers while little is known about the pollution-induced changes in oxygen availability and respiratory performance of ectotherms in these high temperature systems. We investigated the effects of agriculture and urban land-use on river water oxygen levels (diel measurements), decomposition rates (Wettex) and macroinvertebrate assemblages (field studies), as well as the oxy-regulatory capacity of eight riverine macroinvertebrate taxa (laboratory study) from a tropical lowland river network in Myanmar. The highest decomposition rates (0.1–5.5 mg Wettex degree day−1) and oxygen stress (≤91% saturation deficits) were found in reaches draining degraded catchments with elevated concentrations of nutrients. All individual macroinvertebrate taxa investigated were to some extent able to regulate their respiration when placed under oxygen stress in the laboratory (regulation value of 0.74–0.89). The oxy-regulation capacity of macroinvertebrate assemblages in the river network were, as predicted, inversely related to diel oxygen stress (maximum deficit; lm, R2 = 0.69), where taxonomic richness and pollution sensitivity (ASPT metric) also declined sharply (lm, R2 ≥ 0.79). Our study shows that eutrophication and organic pollution induce oxygen deficits in tropical rivers but stimulate decomposition rates, which may further deplete oxygen levels. Furthermore, macroinvertebrate oxyregulatory capacity predicts assemblage composition along gradients in oxygen stress at the ecosystem level. Our findings suggest that tropical lowland river systems could be highly sensitive to pollution by nutrients and organic matter leading to substantial impacts on ectotherm community composition and ecosystem functioning.

• Eriksen, Tor Erik; Friberg, Nikolai; Brittain, John E; Søli, Geir; Ballot, Andreas & Årstein-Eriksen, Eirin [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2021). Ecological condition, biodiversity and major environmental challenges in a tropical river network in the Bago District in South-central Myanmar: First insights to the unknown. Limnologica. ISSN 0075-9511. 86. doi: 10.1016/j.limno.2020.125835. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Freshwater ecosystems in the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot face immediate threats through habitat loss and species extinction. Systems to monitor ecological status and trends in biodiversity are therefore crucially needed. Myanmar is part of Indo-Burma but with no past experience of biomonitoring in freshwaters. In this study, we aimed to assess the ecological and biodiversity status of a lowland river network in south-central Myanmar by identifying and quantifying pressures using macroinvertebrates as bioindicators. Novel data on water quality (nutrients, sediments and metals), hydromorphology (Morphological Quality Index; MQI), habitat quality (LitterSiltation Index; LSI), land use, and macroinvertebrates were collected from 25 river sites. The dominant pressures on rivers were urban land use, inputs of untreated sewage, in-stream and riparian garbage littering, run-off from agricultural fields and plantations, as well as physical habitat degradation. Water chemistry data indicated inputs of sediments and nutrients to degraded streams, but no obvious metal pollution. The LSI and MQI indices indicated high perturbation in agricultural and urban areas, respectively. Ecological status was assessed using afirst version of a modified Average Score per Taxon index (ASPT), while biodiversity was assessed by family richness within the orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera, Coleoptera and Odonata (EPTCO), which was tested against the pressure gradient by principal component regressions. ASPT had high diagnostic capabilities (R2 = 0.68, p < 0.001) and showed that the index can be used to evaluate ecological water quality in this region. Biodiversity, expressed as family richness, also declined along the gradient (R2 = 0.59, p = 0.041), giving support to the fact that current land-use practices in this area are unsustainable.

• Földvari, Mihaly & Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen (2019). Hold øynene åpne for øyefluer i sommer. Insektnytt. ISSN 0800-1804. 44, p. 62–64. Full text in Research Archive
• Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen; Ekrem, Torbjørn & Nordahl, Marianne (2017). Svalbard-sommerfugl funnet igjen etter 140 år. [Internet]. Forskning.no. Full text in Research Archive
• Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen (2017). Fluer og andre småkryp på Svalbard. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordahl, Marianne & Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen (2017). Vi vet lite om hvilke insekter som forsvinner. [Internet]. forskning.no. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordahl, Marianne & Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen (2017). Disse sommerfuglene er over 200 år gamle. [Internet]. forskning.no. Full text in Research Archive
• Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen (2017). Tovinger - litt om morfologi,nøkler, litteratur, oppslagsverk mm. Full text in Research Archive
• Magnussen, Trude; Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen; Johnsen, Arild & Kjærandsen, Jostein (2017). DNA barcode libraries - A treasure chest for alpha taxonomy. Full text in Research Archive
• Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen & Elven, Hallvard (2016). Norges artsmangfold. Full text in Research Archive
• Gulbrandsen, Finn A. & Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen (2016). Mitt Østensjøvann. [Journal]. Sothøna. Full text in Research Archive
• Nyquist, Joakim & Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen (2015). Skal det være en gresshoppkake med maurknekk? [Internet]. NRK - Østlandssendingen. Full text in Research Archive
• Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen (2015). Små kryp - store kunnskapshull. Full text in Research Archive
• Bendiksen, Kristian & Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen (2015). Kulturhuset - Tema: Pestaurant: Insektmiddag. [Radio]. NRK P2. Full text in Research Archive
• Dyregrov, Silje & Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen (2015). Denne proteinbaren er laget av gresshopper. [Journal]. Bergens Tidende. Full text in Research Archive
• Yttervik, Linn K.; Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen & Ekrem, Torbjørn (2015). Myggen kommer sent i år – og den kommer ikke alene. [Journal]. Verdens Gang . Full text in Research Archive
• Nyquist, Joakim & Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen (2015). Insekter på menyen. [Radio]. NRK P1 - Norgesglasset. Full text in Research Archive
• Vedeler, Mathias & Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen (2014). Sædcellenes herre. [Journal]. A-magasinet : uketillegg til Aftenposten. Full text in Research Archive
• Thunes, Karl Hilding & Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen (2014). Månelanding i nærmiljøet. Aftenposten Viten. ISSN 2464-3033. Full text in Research Archive
• Ekrem, Torbjørn; Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen & Løland, Lisbeth Fauske (2013). Bananfluer elsker vin og øl. [Internet]. nrk.no. Full text in Research Archive
• Gjesdal, Trine-Lise & Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen (2013). Med lupe inn i insektenes vereden. [Journal]. Nysgjerrigper. Full text in Research Archive
• Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen (2013). Fluer og mygg på Svalbard. Full text in Research Archive
• Aaserud, Monika & Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen (2013). Fant ny myggfamilie. - Aldri før er det registrert gallmygg på Svalbard. Fagfolk undrer seg over hva de gjør her. [Journal]. Svalbardposten. Full text in Research Archive
• Andersen, Trond; Ekrem, Torbjørn; Kvifte, Gunnar Mikalsen; Roth, Steffen; Stur, Elisabeth & Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen (2012). Vannelskende insekter i Finnmark. Årbok for Universitetsmuseet i Bergen. ISSN 1893-1944. p. 92–103. Full text in Research Archive
• Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen (2012). NYE ARTER RETT UTENFOR STUEDØREN - Undersøkelse av utvalgte insektgrupper i Oslofjordområdet. Full text in Research Archive
• Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen (2012). Mygg er ikke bare stikkmygg. Full text in Research Archive
• Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen & Elmung, Bente (2012). Nyoppdagede småkryp fråtser i Hurums urskog. [Journal]. Røyken og Hurum Avis. Full text in Research Archive
• Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen & Viken, Ingunn (2012). Har du zzzzett på maken? Nye veps, fluer og mygg oppdaget. [Journal]. Verdens Gang. Full text in Research Archive
• Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen & Erlingsen, Hilde (2012). Oppsiktsvekkende myggfunn . Insektforskere på ekspedisjon har funnet 43 myggarter som hittil har vært ukjente for vitenskapen. [Internet]. NRK Nordland. Full text in Research Archive
• Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen & Korneliussen, Ida (2012). Spør en forsker: Hvilke norske insekter kan vi spise? [Internet]. forskning.no. Full text in Research Archive
• Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen & Pedersen, Kamilla (2012). Blir det myggår? [Internet]. nrk.no. Full text in Research Archive
• Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen & Erlingsen, Hilde (2012). Mange nye arter av mygg påvist i Finnmark. [Radio]. NRK Nordland. Full text in Research Archive
• Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen & Bolin, Therese Alne (2012). Stort kartleggingsprosjekt avdekket nye fluearter i Rygge: Fant seks nye fluearter. [Journal]. Moss Avis. Full text in Research Archive
• Ekrem, Torbjørn; Stur, Elisabeth; Andersen, Trond; Halvorsen, Godtfred Anker; Roth, Steffen & Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen (2012). Kartlegging av insekter knyttet til vann og fuktige habitater i Finnmark. Full text in Research Archive
• Hansen, Lars Ove; Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen & Elmung, Bente (2012). Disse insektene har du aldri sett før. [Internet]. Røyken og Hurum Avis. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Dypt inne i Holtnesdalen i Hurum lever en liten krabat av godsaker som råttent treverk. For første gang er fruktflua Hirtodrosophila oldenbergi funnet her til lands.

• Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen (2011). Fungus gnats (Mycetophilidae) in the Arctic. Full text in Research Archive
• Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen (2011). Små og store hull i vår kunnskap om Norges tovinger. Full text in Research Archive
• Nilsson, Hilde & Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen (2011). Prat om vårens første fluer. [Radio]. NRK Østlandssendingen. Full text in Research Archive
• Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen & Berge, Karoline Eikenæs (2011). Drepende blikk. [Journal]. Vårt Land. Full text in Research Archive
• Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen & Thornsholm, Pål Erik (2011). 140 nye veps og fluer. [Journal]. Varden. Full text in Research Archive
• Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen & Christensen, Arnfinn (2011). Artig liten skrue. (Om oppdagelsen av en ny leddtype hos en slekt av snutebiller.). [Internet]. forskning.no. Full text in Research Archive
• Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen & Hinna, Anne Kari (2011). Den innpåslitne flaum-myggen er på veg. [Internet]. Tv2.no. Full text in Research Archive
• Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen & Aakermann, Marianne (2011). Om insekter ved Oslofjorden (Oslofjordprosjektet). [Radio]. NRK Vestfold. Full text in Research Archive
• Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen & Svendsen, Sigrid Helene (2011). Oppdaget flere hundre nye arter i Norge i 2011. Her er noen av dyrene som ble oppdaget i 2011. [Internet]. vg.no. Full text in Research Archive
• Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen & Nilsson, Hilde (2011). Om vårens fluer. [Radio]. NRK Østlandssendingen. Full text in Research Archive
• Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen & Jelstad, Jørgen (2010). Hva er en entomolog? [Journal]. Dagens Næringsliv Magasinet. Full text in Research Archive
• Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen & Thornholm, Pål Erik (2010). Fanger fluer og veps. [Journal]. Varden. Full text in Research Archive
• Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen & Mølster, Elisabeth Strand (2010). Om fluer og veps rundt Oslofjorden. [Radio]. NRK p1 - Kveldsåpent. Full text in Research Archive
• Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen & Vogt, Yngve (2010). Flere tusen ukjente vepsearter i Norge. [Journal]. Apollon 2/2010. Full text in Research Archive
• Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen & Torp, Ingrid Synnøve (2010). Leter etter ukjente arter. [Journal]. Aftenposten. Full text in Research Archive
• Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen & Andersen, Steinar Qvenild (2010). Jager ukjente vepsearter. [Journal]. Verdens Gang. Full text in Research Archive
• Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen & Evensen, Anette (2010). Insekter i hjemmet. [TV]. NRK1 Førkveld. Full text in Research Archive
• Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen & Fossum, Hanne Kari (2010). Fluer og veps rundt Oslofjorden. [TV]. NRK1 Schrödingers katt. Full text in Research Archive
• Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen & Akselsen, Hanne Røn (2010). Om fluer og veps rundt oslofjorden. [TV]. NRK1 Østlandssendingen. Full text in Research Archive
• Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen & Alstedt, Rune (2010). Om fluer og veps rundt oslofjorden. [Radio]. NRK p1 - Nitimen. Full text in Research Archive
• Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen & Turkerud, Kalle (2010). Om fluer og veps rundt Oslofjorden. [Radio]. NRK Østlandssendingen. Full text in Research Archive
• Bøckman, Petter; Webb, Cecilie Elise & Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen (2008). Naturens former. [Journal]. Bergen tidende. Full text in Research Archive
• Rindal, Eirik; Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen & Bachmann, Lutz (2007). On the systematics of Mycetophilinae (Diptera); a combined morphological and molecular approach. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  A phylogenetic analysis of the fungus gnat subfamily Mycetophilinae (Diptera) is presented and discussed. 24 species representing 9 genera of the tribe Mycetophilini and 13 genera of the tribe Exechiini are included. The analysis is based on nucleotide sequence data of the mitochondrial cox1 and 16S, the nuclear 18S and 28S genes, and in addition 65 morphological characters. A combined parsimony analysis including all characters supported the monophyly of the subfamily Mycetophilinae and the two tribes Exechiini and Mycetophilini. There is also strong support for a Mycetophila-group and a Phronia-group within Mycetophilini. The Mycetophila-group includes Mycetophila, Epicypta, Platurocypta, Sceptonia and Zygomyia, and the Phronia group includes Phronia, Macrobrachius and Trichonta. A Bayesian analysis based on the nucleotide sequence data alone also supported the groupings within Mycetophilini, but differed in the position of the genus Dynatosoma. A somewhat different pattern, however, was observed for the tribe Exechiini. There was little support for the intrageneric relationships within Exechiini, which thus remains enigmatic.

• Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen (2007). New exhibition on gay animals in Oslo. [Radio]. Austrian Broadcasting. Full text in Research Archive
• Rindal, Eirik; Bachmann, Lutz & Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen (2006). Molecular phylogeny of Mycetophilidae. Full text in Research Archive
• Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen (2006). INSEKTER - Litt om deres opprinnelse og litt om deres mangfold i Grenland. Full text in Research Archive
• Lerbak, Marie Norum; Hansen, Lars Ove; Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen & Aarvik, Leif (2006). Sommerfuglene forsvinner - Nyt synet av de fargerike insektene nå. Flere sommerfuglarter er nemlig på vei ut av den norske faunaen. [Journal]. Aftenposten. Full text in Research Archive
• Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen (2006). Mot naturens orden? En utstilling om homoseksualitet i dyreriket/ Against nature? Full text in Research Archive
• Elven, Hallvard & Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen (2021). Kunnskapsstatus for artsmangfoldet i Norge 2020. Artsdatabanken. Full text in Research Archive
• Elven, Hallvard & Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen (2016). Kunnskapsstatus for artsmangfoldet i Norge 2015. Utredning for Artsdatabanken 1/2016. Artsdatabanken. Full text in Research Archive
• Gammelmo, Øivind & Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen (2015). Tovinger (Diptera). Norsk rødliste for arter 2015. Artsdatabanken. Full text in Research Archive
• Birkeland, Ingve; Beck, Pieter S. A.; Åkra, Kjetil; Ekrem, Torbjørn & Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen (2012). Naturinventering/grunnlagsundersøkelser i virksomhetsområdene på Jan Mayen. - Åpningsprosess for petroleumsvirksomhet i havområdene utenfor Jan Mayen. Ecofact Nord AS, Pb 402, 9254 Tromsø. ISSN 9788282621687. Full text in Research Archive
• Søli, Geir Einar Ellefsen; Hurum, Jørn Harald & Johansen, Bjørn Vidar (2006). Homofili og naturens orden. ABM-utvikling. ISSN 9788281050327. Full text in Research Archive

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