Galina Gusarova

• Gustafsson, A Lovisa S; Gussarova, Galina; Borgen, Liv; Ikeda, Hajime; Antonelli, Alexandre & Marie-Orleach, Lucas [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2021). Rapid evolution of post-zygotic reproductive isolation is widespread in Arctic plant lineages. Annals of Botany. ISSN 0305-7364. 129(2), p. 171–184. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcab128. Full text in Research Archive
• Wang, Yucheng; Pedersen, Mikkel W.; Alsos, Inger Greve; De Sanctis, Bianca; Racimo, Fernando & Prohaska, Ana [Show all 50 contributors for this article] (2021). Late Quaternary dynamics of Arctic biota from ancient environmental genomics. Nature. ISSN 0028-0836. 600, p. 86–92. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-04016-x. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  During the last glacial–interglacial cycle, Arctic biotas experienced substantial climatic changes, yet the nature, extent and rate of their responses are not fully understood1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8. Here we report a large-scale environmental DNA metagenomic study of ancient plant and mammal communities, analysing 535 permafrost and lake sediment samples from across the Arctic spanning the past 50,000 years. Furthermore, we present 1,541 contemporary plant genome assemblies that were generated as reference sequences. Our study provides several insights into the long-term dynamics of the Arctic biota at the circumpolar and regional scales. Our key findings include: (1) a relatively homogeneous steppe–tundra flora dominated the Arctic during the Last Glacial Maximum, followed by regional divergence of vegetation during the Holocene epoch; (2) certain grazing animals consistently co-occurred in space and time; (3) humans appear to have been a minor factor in driving animal distributions; (4) higher effective precipitation, as well as an increase in the proportion of wetland plants, show negative effects on animal diversity; (5) the persistence of the steppe–tundra vegetation in northern Siberia enabled the late survival of several now-extinct megafauna species, including the woolly mammoth until 3.9 ± 0.2 thousand years ago (ka) and the woolly rhinoceros until 9.8 ± 0.2 ka; and (6) phylogenetic analysis of mammoth environmental DNA reveals a previously unsampled mitochondrial lineage. Our findings highlight the power of ancient environmental metagenomics analyses to advance understanding of population histories and long-term ecological dynamics.

• Orlova, Larisa; Gusarova, Galina; Glazkova, Elena; Egorov, Alexander; Potokin, Alexander & Ivanov, Sergey (2020). Systematics and distribution of spruce species in the North-West of Russia. Dendrobiology. ISSN 1641-1307. 84, p. 12–29. doi: 10.12657/denbio.084.002.
• Tusiime, Felly Mugizi; Seid, Abel Gizaw; Gusarova, Galina; Nemomissa, Sileshi; Popp, Magnus & Mirre, Virginia [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2020). Afro-alpine flagships revisited: Parallel adaptation, intermountain admixture and shallow genetic structuring in the giant senecios (Dendrosenecio). PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 15(3), p. 1–22. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228979. Full text in Research Archive
• Garrett, Stephen; Twyford, Alex D.; Gusarova, Galina & Rønsted, Nina (2019). Target capture sequence analysis using Angiosperm353 nuclear gene bait set on hemi-parasitic Euphrasia, to unravel taxonomic complexities resulting from hybridisation, varying ploidy levels, and repeated evolution of autogamous lineages. Genome. ISSN 0831-2796. 62(6), p. 376–377. doi: 10.1139/gen-2019-0083.
• Pautov, Anatoly; Yakovleva, Olga; Krylova, Elena; Pautova, Irina & Gusarova, Galina (2018). Structural changes of large lipid droplets in stomatal complex of Trochodendron aralioides and their possible functional significance. Flora: Morphologie, Geobotanik, Oekophysiologie. ISSN 0367-2530. 242, p. 146–154. doi: 10.1016/j.flora.2018.03.016.
• Wang, Xumei; Gusarova, Galina; Ruhsam, Markus; de Vere, Natasha; Metherell, Chris & Hollingsworth, Peter M. [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2018). DNA barcoding a taxonomically complex hemiparasitic genus reveals deep divergence between ploidy levels but lack of species-level resolution. AoB Plants. ISSN 2041-2851. 10(3). doi: 10.1093/aobpla/ply026. Full text in Research Archive
• Gusarova, Galina (2017). New combinations in Nearctic endemic Euphrasia (Orobanchaceae). Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas. ISSN 1934-5259. 11(2), p. 289–290.
• Pautov, Anatoly; Bauer, Svetlana; Ivanova, Olga; Krylova, Elena; Sapach, Yulia & Gussarova, Galina (2017). Role of the outer stomatal ledges in the mechanics of guard cell movements. Trees. ISSN 0931-1890. 31(1), p. 125–135. doi: 10.1007/s00468-016-1462-x.
• Pautov, Anatoly; Yakovleva, Olga; Krylova, Elena & Gussarova, Galina (2016). Large lipid droplets in leaf epidermis of angiosperms. Flora: Morphologie, Geobotanik, Oekophysiologie. ISSN 0367-2530. 219, p. 62–67. doi: 10.1016/j.flora.2015.12.010.
• Mewicha, Berihun Gebremedhin; Flagstad, Øystein; Bekele, Afework; Gelete, Desalegn Chala; Bakkestuen, Vegar & Boessenkool, Sanne [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2016). DNA metabarcoding reveals diet overlap between the endangered walia ibex and domestic goats - Implications for conservation. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 11(7), p. 1–18. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159133. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Human population expansion and associated degradation of the habitat of many wildlife species cause loss of biodiversity and species extinctions. The small Simen Mountains National Park in Ethiopia is one of the last strongholds for the preservation of a number of afro-alpine mammals, plants and birds, and it is home to the rare endemic Walia ibex, Capra walie. The narrow distribution range of this species as well as potential competition for resources with livestock, especially with domestic goat, Capra hircus, may compromise its future survival. Based on a curated afro-alpine taxonomic reference library constructed for plant taxon identification, we investigated the diet of the Walia ibex and addressed the dietary overlap with domestic goat using DNA metabarcoding of faecal samples. Faeces of both species were collected from different localities in the National Park. We show that both species are browsers, with forbs, shrubs and trees comprising the largest proportion of their diet, supplemented by grasses. There was a considerable overlap in dietary preferences. Several of the preferred diet items of the Walia ibex (Alchemilla sp., Hypericum revolutum, Erica arborea and Rumex sp.) were also among the most preferred diet items of the domestic goat. These results indicate that there is potential for competition between the two species, especially during the dry season, when resources are limited. Our findings, in combination with the expected increase in domestic herbivores, suggest that management plans should consider the potential threat posed by domestic goats to ensure future survival of the endangered Walia ibex.

• Olonova, Marina; Gussarova, Galina; Brysting, Anne Krag & Mezina, Natalia S. (2016). Introgressive hybridization in mesomorphic bluegrasses, Poa section Stenopoa, in western Siberia. Annales Botanici Fennici. ISSN 0003-3847. 53(1-2), p. 43–55. doi: 10.5735/085.053.0210.
• Gussarova, Galina; Allen, Geraldine A.; Mikhaylova, Yulia; McCormick, Laurie J.; Mirre, Virginia & Marr, Kendrick L. [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2015). Vicariance, long-distance dispersal, and regional extinction-recolonization dynamics explain the disjunct circumpolar distribution of the arctic-alpine plant Silene acaulis. American Journal of Botany. ISSN 0002-9122. 102(10), p. 1703–1720. doi: 10.3732/ajb.1500072.
• Epp, Laura; Gussarova, Galina; Boessenkool, Sanne; Olsen, J.; Haile, J & Schrøder-Nielsen, Audun [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2015). Lake sediment multi-taxon DNA from North Greenland records early post-glacial appearance of vascular plants and accurately tracks environmental changes. Quaternary Science Reviews. ISSN 0277-3791. 117, p. 152–163. doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.03.027. Full text in Research Archive
• Soininen, Eeva M; Gauthier, Gilles; Bilodeau, Frederic; Berteaux, Dominique; Gielly, Ludovic & Taberlet, Pierre [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2015). Highly overlapping winter diet in two sympatric lemming species revealed by DNA metabarcoding. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 10(1). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115335. Full text in Research Archive
• Willerslev, E; Davison, J; Moora, M; Zobel, M; Coissac, E & Edwards, ME [Show all 50 contributors for this article] (2014). Fifty thousand years of Arctic vegetation and megafaunal diet. Nature. ISSN 0028-0836. 506(7486), p. 47–51. doi: 10.1038/nature12921.
• Gustafsson, A Lovisa S; Skrede, Inger; Rowe, Heather C.; Gussarova, Galina; Borgen, Liv & Rieseberg, Loren [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2014). Genetics of cryptic speciation within an arctic Mustard, Draba nivalis. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 9(4). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093834. Full text in Research Archive
• Soininen, Eeva M; Ehrich, Dorothee; Lecomte, Nicolas; Yoccoz, Nigel Gilles; Tarroux, Arnaud & Berteaux, Dominique [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2014). Sources of variation in small rodent trophic niche: New insights from DNA metabarcoding and stable isotope analysis. Isotopes in environmental and health studies. ISSN 1025-6016. 50(3), p. 361–381. doi: 10.1080/10256016.2014.915824. Full text in Research Archive
• Wondimu, Tigist ; Gizaw, Abel ; Mugizi, Felly ; Masao, Catherine; Abdi, Ahmed Abdikhadir & Gussarova, Galina [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2014). Crossing barriers in an extremely fragmented system: two case studies in the afro-alpine sky island flora. Plant Systematics and Evolution. ISSN 0378-2697. 300(3), p. 415–430. doi: 10.1007/s00606-013-0892-9.
• Masao, Catherine A.; Gizaw, Abel ; Piñeiro , Rosalia ; Tusiime, Felly M.; Wondimu, Tigist & Abdi, Ahmed A. [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2013). Phylogeographic history and taxonomy of some afro-alpine grasses assessed based on AFLPs and morphometry: Deschampsia cespitosa, D. angusta and Koeleria capensis. Alpine Botany. ISSN 1664-2201. 123(2), p. 107–122. doi: 10.1007/s00035-013-0119-2. Full text in Research Archive
• Soininen, Eeva Marjatta; Zinger, Lucie; Gielly, Ludovic; Bellemain, Eva; Bråthen, Kari Anne & Brochmann, Christian [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2013). Shedding new light on the diet of Norwegian lemmings: DNA metabarcoding of stomach content. Polar Biology. ISSN 0722-4060. 36(7), p. 1069–1076. doi: 10.1007/s00300-013-1328-2. Full text in Research Archive
• Bellemain, Eva; Davey, Marie; Kauserud, Håvard; Epp, Laura; Boessenkool, Sanne & Coissac, Eric [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2013). Fungal palaeodiversity revealed using hight-throughput metabarcoding of ancient DNA from arctic permafrost. Environmental Microbiology. ISSN 1462-2912. 15(4), p. 1176–1189. doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.12020.
• Jiménez-Mejías, Pedro ; Luceño, Modesto; Lye, Kåre; Brochmann, Christian & Gussarova, Galina (2012). Genetically diverse but with surprisingly little geographical structure: the complex history of the widespread herb Carex nigra (Cyperaceae). Journal of Biogeography. ISSN 0305-0270. 39(12), p. 2279–2291. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02740.x.
• Gussarova, Galina; Alsos, Inger Greve & Brochmann, Christian (2012). Annual plants colonizing the Arctic? Phylogeography and genetic variation in the Euphrasia minima complex (Orobanchaceae). Taxon. ISSN 0040-0262. 61(1), p. 146–160. doi: 10.1002/tax.611011.
• Bendiksby, Mika; Brysting, Anne Krag; Thorbek, Lisbeth; Gusarova, Galina & Ryding, Olof (2011). Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of the genus Lamium L. (Lamiaceae): Disentangling origins of presumed allotetraploids. Taxon. ISSN 0040-0262. 60(4), p. 986–1000. doi: 10.1002/tax.604004. Show summary

  This is the first comprehensive molecular investigation of the genus Lamium L. We have addressed phylogenetic relationships and presumed allopolyploid speciation by use of nuclear (NRPA2, 5S-NTS) and chloroplast (matK, psbA-trnH, rps16, trnL, trnL-F, trnS-G) DNA sequence data. Nuclear and chloroplast data were incongruent, and nuclear data showed better correlation with morphology. Bayesian and parsimony phylogenetic results show that (1) Lamium galeobdolon is sister to all remaining Lamium species; (2) Wiedemannia is nested within Lamium; (3) L. amplexicaule is polyphyletic; (4) most tetraploids are of hybrid origin; (5) L. amplexicaule var. orientale is allotetraploid; and (6) Mennema’s (1989) infrageneric classification is not corroborated by molecular data. Based on the molecular results, and taking morphology into account, we suggest resurrection of two species: L. aleppicum and L. paczoskianum.

• Bendiksby, Mika; Schumacher, Trond; Gusarova, Galina; Nais, Jamili; Mat-Salleh, Kamarudin & Sofiyanti, Nery [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2010). Elucidating the evolutionary history of the Southeast Asian, holoparasitic, giant-flowered Rafflesiaceae: Pliocene vicariance, morphological convergence and character displacement. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. ISSN 1055-7903. 57(2), p. 620–633. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.08.005.
• Gusarova, Galina; Popp, Magnus; Vitek, E & Brochmann, Christian (2008). Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the bipolar Euphrasia (Orobanchaceae): Recent radiations in an old genus. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. ISSN 1055-7903. 48, p. 444–460.
• Gusarova, Galina (2007). Euphrasia amurensis, E-hirtella var. ramosa and var. karoiana (Orobanchaceae). Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. ISSN 0024-4074. 154.

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• Gusarova, Galina (2019). Flora of North America North of Mexico: Vol. 17: Magnoliophyta: Tetrachondraceae to Orobanchaceae. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0190868511. 768 p.

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• Garrett, Stephen; Twyford, Alex D.; Gusarova, Galina & Rønsted, Nina (2019). Target capture sequence analysis using Angiosperm353 nuclear gene bait set on hemi-parasitic Euphrasia, to unravel taxonomic complexities resulting from hybridisation, varying ploidy levels, and repeated evolution of autogamous lineages.
• Gusarova, Galina; Kamenova, Stefaniya; Coissac, Eric; Meyer, Pernille; Steinthorsdottir, Lilja & Loe, Leif Egil [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2019). Multi-locus DNA metabarcoding of diet provides new insights into the ecology and trophic interactions of a keystone herbivore species.
• Gustafsson, A Lovisa S; Borgen, Liv; Gusarova, Galina & Brochmann, Christian (2011). Cryptic Speciation in Arctic Plants.
• Gustafsson, A Lovisa S; Brochmann, Christian; Gusarova, Galina & Borgen, Liv (2011). Cryptic Speciation in the Arctic.
• Gustafsson, A Lovisa S; Parisod, Christian; Schranz, Eric; Borgen, Liv; Gusarova, Galina & Brochmann, Christian (2010). Genetics of Intrinsic Postzygotic Isolation in Draba nivalis (Brassicaceae).
• Gustafsson, A Lovisa S; Brochmann, Christian; Borgen, Liv & Gusarova, Galina (2010). High Biological Species Diversity in the Arctic Flora?
• Gustafsson, Lovisa; Borgen, Liv; Gusarova, Galina & Brochmann, Christian (2009). High Biological Species Diversity in the Arctic Flora?
• Gusarova, Galina; Popp, Magnus; Vitek, E & Brochmann, Christian (2007). Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of Euphrasia (Orobanchaceae).
• Gusarova, Galina & Brochmann, Christian (2005). Systematics, phylogeny and biogeography of Euphrasia inferred from morphology and molecular markers.

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