Einar Timdal

• Diederich, Paul; Ertz, Damien & Timdal, Einar (2026). Coccocarpia aptrootii, a new lichen species from Mauritius. Plant and Fungal Systematics. ISSN 2544-7459. 71(1), p. 91–96. doi: 10.35535/PFSYST-2026-0010. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  A new species of Coccocarpia is described from Mauritius based on morphological and molecular evidence. The species is corticolous and currently known from four localities in parkland and natural mountain forest habitats. It is characterized by comparatively large thallus lobes, a distinctly pruinose upper surface, and abundant laminal isidia that are initially subspherical and later elongate into cylindrical to coralloid structures. Phylogenetic analysis of nuclear ITS rDNA sequences places the Mauritian material as a distinct lineage within Coccocarpia, not nested within any currently sampled species-level clade. The combined morphological distinctiveness and molecular differentiation support its recognition as a new species, here described as Coccocarpia aptrootii. This discovery further demonstrates that species diversity in Coccocarpia remains underestimated, particularly in tropical regions.

• Zhurbenko, Mikhail P. & Timdal, Einar (2025). Bryobilimbia fissuriseda new to Asia. Graphis Scripta. ISSN 0901-7593. 37(2), p. 7–9. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Bryobilimbia fissuriseda is first documented in Asia from the Taimyr Peninsula, Siberian Arctic, where it was found in arctic tundra growing in rock fissures.

• Vtípilová, Věra; Timdal, Einar; Stodůlková, Eva; Semerád, Jaroslav; Resl, Philipp & Steinová, Jana (2025). <i>Cladonia rubrotincta</i> , a new species distinct from <i>C. norvegica</i>. The Lichenologist. ISSN 0024-2829. 57(6), p. 316–316. doi: 10.1017/s002428292510128x. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Abstract Cladonia norvegica was originally described from Norway based on different morphological and chemical characters distinguishing the species from C. coniocraea. Shortly after its description, material containing red spots on the thallus was reported from different parts of the world, but the taxonomic status of this form remained unclear. In this study, we investigated the morphological, chemical and genetic differences between the spotless form of C. norvegica and the red-spotted material. Phylogenetic analyses of mycobiont DNA (ITS rDNA, mtSSU, EF-1α) revealed that red-spotted specimens form a well-supported monophyletic clade, distinct from the spotless form of C. norvegica. We therefore describe red-spotted material as a new species, C. rubrotincta , with the type from Norway and we genetically and morphologically confirm occurrences from Austria, Czechia, Estonia, Great Britain and western Canada. The identity of the red pigment was confirmed to be a rhodocladonic acid by HPLC and LC-HRMS. Specimens with red spots exhibit consistently smaller and more irregularly shaped podetia. Additionally, our analysis of photobionts indicated that both species share a similar pool of Asterochloris symbionts. This study underscores the importance of integrating molecular, chemical, and morphological data in lichen taxonomy and provides insights into the distribution and ecological preferences of C. rubrotincta and C. norvegica.

• Timdal, Einar (2025). Krogia australasiatica (Ramalinaceae, lichenized fungi), a new species from Australia and New Caledonia, with new records of Krogia from New Caledonia. Telopea. ISSN 0312-9764. 29, p. 155–162. doi: 10.7751/telopea20228. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The new species Krogia australasiatica Timdal is described from tree trunks in humid forests/rainforests in Australia (Queensland) and New Caledonia, partly based on a phylogenetic reconstruction using the ITS marker. The new species shares the secondary chemistry with the neotropical K. antillarum Timdal, i.e. 4-O-methylcryptochlorophaeic acid, and the vegetative dispersal units, i.e. isidia, with the New Caledonian K. isidiata Kistenich & Timdal and K. macrophylla Kistenich & Timdal. The trivial name hyperboninic acid is introduced for a secondary compound occurring in K. coralloides Timdal and K. macrophylla. The genus Krogia Timdal is new to Australia and new localities are given for K. isidiata and K. macrophylla in New Caledonia.

• Möller, Erik Johan; Timdal, Einar; Haugan, Reidar & Bendiksby, Mika (2025). Integrative taxonomy and genus delimitation in the Rhizocarpaceae (lichenized Ascomycota). Fungal Systematics and Evolution. 16(1), p. 215–232. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2025.16.12. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The Rhizocarpaceae , a family of lichenized fungi within the Ascomycota , comprises approximately 160 species within five genera: Catolechia , Epilichen , Haugania , Poeltinula , and Rhizocarpon . Rhizocarpon is the most species-rich, with about 150 species predominantly inhabiting siliceous rock in boreal and arctic-alpine environments. Molecular phylogenetic studies have revealed that current taxonomy, heavily reliant on morphology, chemistry, and life strategies, renders Rhizocarpon paraphyletic. This study aims to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships and clarify genus delimitation within the Rhizocarpaceae using an integrative taxonomic approach that combines three genetic markers and a diversity of taxa covering the morphological, chemical, and ecological spectrum of the family. Our comprehensive sampling includes 50 species across the Rhizocarpaceae collected from diverse geographical locations and ecological settings. Our phylogenetic hypothesis is based on a concatenated dataset of two nuclear (ITS and MCM7) and one mitochondrial (mtSSU) genetic marker. Ascospore characteristics and thallus pigmentation alongside secondary metabolite profiles were mapped onto this DNA-based evolutionary framework. Our results underscore significant refinements in the classification of the Rhizocarpaceae , highlighting the inadequacy of traditional taxonomic markers alone to infer robust phylogenetic affiliations. We advocate for new circumscriptions of Catolechia , Poeltinula , and Rhizocarpon based on the molecular phylogeny and propose synonymizing Epilichen with Catolechia , the transfer of the species in the R. hochstetteri complex to Poeltinula , and the resurrection of Rehmia . We hence propose 24 new combinations and three typifications. Collectively, this study sets the groundwork for future research and stability in the systematics of the Rhizocarpaceae , augmenting our understanding of their diversity and evolutionary dynamics.

• Evankow, Ann; Yin, An-cheng; Zulfiqar, Rizwana; Ahmad, Uswa Fatima; Nordenhaug, Petter & Khalid, Abdul Nasir [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2025). Psora mediterranea (Lecanorales, Psoraceae), a new lichen species from Europe, including a new concept for P. himalayana and a revised key to the European species. Mycological Progress. ISSN 1617-416X. doi: 10.1007/s11557-025-02045-8. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Herein, we describe Psora mediterranea, found in the Mediterranean region of Europe. Previously misidentified as Psora pseudorussellii based on morphology, P. mediterranea has a distinct molecular lineage and geographic distribution. This new species is phylogenetically the sister to a species that we henceforth epitypify as Psora himalayana, from the Himalayas. These sister Psora taxa are distinct due to morphology, current known geographic range, and preferred habitat. We provide two updated keys to the Psora species in Europe, including a key with morphologically similar species that may be confused with Psora in this region and a simplified “hand lens” key. To assist with ongoing DNA barcoding of lichens, we publish the first barcode ITS sequences from Psora gresinonis (an isotype) and the first sequences of P. pseudorussellii from North America. We also include sequences from understudied taxa, including Glyphopeltis, Romjularia, and Protomicarea. Further, we suggest updates to the circumscription of the Psoraceae by suggesting a new family for Glyphopeltis, Glyphopeltidaceae, and supporting the placement of Protomicarea in the Pilocarpaceae.

• Timdal, Einar; Möller, Erik Johan & Bendiksby, Mika (2024). Rhizocarpon vulgare, a new species in the R. badioatrum species complex. Graphis Scripta. ISSN 0901-7593. 36(4), p. 89–105. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Herein, we revise the Rhizocarpon badioatrum species complex in the Nordic countries using molecular phylogenetics combined with morphological/anatomical and chemical data. Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic analyses of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS, the fungal DNA barcode) reveals four strongly supported clades within the R. badioatrum species complex. Based on our assessment of the multiple sources of data included, we recognize R. badioatrum var. badioatrum and var. vulgare at the species level and describe the latter as the new species R. vulgare. Rhizocarpon vulgare receives support also from a phylogeny based on mitochondrial ribosomal small subunit (mtSSU). Rhizocarpon cinereonigrum is the phylogenetic sister species of R. vulgare in both the ITS and mtSSU trees. Rhizocarpon sinense is reported as new to Europe with specimens collected from Iceland and Norway. The secondary chemistry is shown to be largely diagnostic for the species: R. badioatrum is usually acid deficient, R. vulgare contains diffractaic acid, and R. sinense contains gyrophoric acid. However, the concept of R. cinereonigrum, which was previously based on the presence of stictic acid, is shown to be ambiguous because that compound may also occur in R. badioatrum. Lectotypes are designated for Lecidea atrobadia, Rhizocarpon badioatrum, R. rivulare, R. sinense.

• Fryday, Alan M.; Möller, Erik Johan; Timdal, Einar; Yahr, Rebecca; Cannon, Paul & Coppins, Brian J. [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2024). Rhizocarpales, including Catolechia, Epilichen, Haugania, Poeltinula and Rhizocarpon (Rhizocarpaceae), and Sporastatia and Toensbergia (Sporastatiaceae). Revisions of British and Irish Lichens. ISSN 2634-7768. 41, p. 1–30. Full text in Research Archive
• Košuthová, Alica; McCune, Bruce; Odelvik, Göran & Timdal, Einar (2024). Three species of Stereocaulon new to Sweden, Central Europe and Europe. Graphis Scripta. ISSN 0901-7593. 36(8), p. 148–158. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The exploration of lichen diversity continues to unveil new species with an average of about 20 additions to the Fennoscandian checklist annually (Westberg et al. 2021). This trend shows no sign of slowing down, indicating many ongoing discoveries in this field (Košuthová et al. 2022; Westberg et al. 2022). In this paper, we contribute to this growing body of knowledge by reporting two new species to Sweden, one of which is also new to Europe. Another species, Stereocaulon groenlandicum, is new to Central Europe. Additionally, we provide new localities for the overlooked species Stereocaulon arcticum in Sweden. These findings are the result of recent fieldwork, partly conducted within the framework of the Swedish Taxonomy Initiative

• Timdal, Einar & Rui, Siri (2024). Contributions to the lichen flora of the province of Alberta, Canada, with the description of two new species and revised status for the subspecies of Toninia tristis. Opuscula Philolichenum. ISSN 1941-7519. 23, p. 33–81. Full text in Research Archive
• Vondrak, Jan; Svoboda, Stanislav; Malíček, Jiří; Soun, Jaroslav; Kosnar, Jiri & Svensson, Måns [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2024). Combining environmental DNA data and taxonomic surveys provides an unprecedented understanding of lichen diversity and accelerates the discovery of new species. Preslia. ISSN 0032-7786. 96(4), p. 351–417. doi: 10.23855/preslia.2024.351. Full text in Research Archive
• Timdal, Einar; Evankow, Ann; Opedal, Vemund Rudlang & Fjelde, Markus Osaland (2024). Lecania lepidota, a new lichen species from pollarded Fraxinus excelsior in oceanic, old-growth deciduous forests in Norway. Graphis Scripta. ISSN 0901-7593. 36(1), p. 1–14. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The new lichen species Lecania lepidota is described from two localities in oceanic, old-growth, deciduous forests (boreo-nemoral rainforest) in SW Norway, growing near the base of pollarded Fraxinus excelsior. The generic placement is uncertain, as the ITS marker differs significantly from all other available ITS sequences and the mtSSU marker indicates sister relationship with Lecania croatica, a species of uncertain position in the Ramalinaceae. The species is morphologically most similar to Phyllopsora rosei, but differs, e.g., in having a negative PD reaction due to the lack of lichen substances.

• Xu, Maonian; Liu, Yingkui; Möller, Erik Johan; LaGreca, Scott; Moya, Patricia & Wang, Xinyu [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2023). Mycobiont-specific primers facilitate the amplification of mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal DNA: a focus on the lichenized fungal genus Melanelia (Ascomycota, Parmeliaceae) in Iceland. MycoKeys. ISSN 1314-4057. 96, p. 57–75. doi: 10.3897/mycokeys.96.100037. Full text in Research Archive
• Printzen, Christian; Holien, Håkon; Kantelinen, Annina; Myllys, Leena; Ratschow, F. & Stepanchikova, Irina [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2023). DNA barcoding indicates the presence of unrecognized species and phylogenetic diversity within the Biatora vernalis- and B. meiocarpa-groups. Plant and Fungal Systematics. ISSN 2544-7459. 68(2), p. 262–279. doi: 10.35535/pfsyst-2023-0011. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The Biatora vernalis- and meiocarpa-groups comprise species with pale beige to reddish brown apothecia and 0-, rarely also 1(–3)-septate ascospores. A DNA barcoding approach based on ITS sequences shows that these two groups comprise more species and phylogenetic diversity than previously known. Specimens identified as B. vernalis, the type species of the genus, appear to be paraphyletic with regard to B. chrysantha. In addition, there is a morphologically similar species belonging to the B. meiocarpa-group and tentatively named “B. orientalis” in previous publications. Biatora subduplex has for some time been known to comprise specimens from the B. vernalis-, as well as the B. meiocarpa-group. Similar to the situation in B. vernalis, samples from the meiocarpa-clade form several subclades close to B. meiocarpa. Anatomical studies reveal subtle, but recognizable morphological differences between B. subduplex s.str. and the species in the meiocarpa-clade, but not between the subclades. Here, we describe Biatora orientalis as new to science, raise B. meiocarpa var. tacomensis to species rank and provide revised identification keys for the B. vernalis- and B. meiocarpa-groups.

• Westberg, Martin; Ekman, Stefan; Brigel-Williams, L.; Fernandez-Brime, Samantha; Wedin, Mats & Timdal, Einar (2023). Thalloidima squamatum comb. nov. – a distinct and common but overlooked lichen in Europe. Plant and Fungal Systematics. ISSN 2544-7459. 68(2), p. 353–363. doi: 10.35535/pfsyst-2023-0019. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The new combination Thalloidima squamatum is proposed for a morphologically and phylogenetically distinct species, until now included within the variation of T. sedifolium. Compared to T. sedifolium, the species is characterized by its larger squamules and apothecia, shorter ascospores, the pale color of the excipulum, and its habitat growing on moss cushions over calcareous rock or directly on rock rather than on soil. Most of the material studied originates from Norway and Sweden, but specimens are also reported from Austria, Croatia, Germany, Greenland, Italy, Poland, Russia, Scotland and Switzerland.

• Timdal, Einar & Gjerlaug, Hans Chr. (2023). DNA barcodes reveal unrecognized species diversity in Peltigera sect. Peltigera in Norway, including the new species P. jonii. Graphis Scripta. ISSN 0901-7593. 35(4), p. 30–65. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Phylogenetic analyses of 140 ITS sequences from Norwegian material of Peltigera sect. Peltigera obtained mainly by the Norwegian DNA barcode project OLICH indicate the presence of 26 putative species. Among those, we accept 18 taxonomic species, including the new species Peltigera jonii Timdal & Gjerlaug (also reported from a soil sample from Alaska), four species new to Fennoscandia (P. “fuscoponojensis”, P. islandica, P. “neorufescens” 3, and P. “neorufescens” 5), and an unnamed species closely resembling P. lepidophora. Peltigera monticola is here included in a highly variable P. ponojensis. We also report new localities for the rarely identified species P. “neocanina” and P. wulingensis.

• Zhang, Yanyun; Wang, Lun; Wang, Xinyu; Printzen, Christian; Timdal, Einar & Wang, Lisong (2023). Squamarina subcetrarioides comb. & stat. nov. (Stereocaulaceae), a separate species from the type species of Squamarina. The Lichenologist. ISSN 0024-2829. 55(3-4). Full text in Research Archive
• Fjelde, Markus Osaland; Timdal, Einar; Haugan, Reidar & Bendiksby, Mika (2023). Paraphyly and cryptic diversity unveils unexpected challenges in the “naked lichens” (Calvitimela, Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. ISSN 1055-7903. 190. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107944. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Molecular phylogenetics has revolutionized the taxonomy of crustose lichens and revealed an extensive amount of cryptic diversity. Resolving the relationships between genera in the crustose lichen family Tephromelataceae has proven difficult and the taxon limits within the genus Calvitimela are only partly understood. In this study, we tested the monophyly of Calvitimela and investigated phylogenetic relationships at different taxonomic levels using an integrative taxonomic approach. We performed a global sampling of all species currently assigned to Calvitimela and conducted additional sampling of C. melaleuca sensu lato across Norway. We included 108 specimens and produced more than 300 sequences from five different loci (ITS, LSU, MCM7, mtSSU, TEF1-α). We inferred phylogenetic relationships and estimated divergence times in Calvitimela. Moreover, we analyzed chemical and morphological characters to test their diagnostic values in the genus. Our molecular phylogenetic results show evolutionarily old and deeply divergent lineages in Calvitimela. The morphological characters are overlapping between divergent subgenera within this genus. Chemical characters, however, are largely informative at the level of subgenera, but are often homoplastic at the species level. The subgenus Calvitimela is found to include four distinct genetic lineages. Detailed morphological examinations of C. melaleuca s. lat. reveal differences between taxa previously assumed to be morphologically cryptic. Furthermore, young evolutionary ages and signs of gene tree discordance indicate a recent divergence and possibly incomplete lineage sorting in the subgenus Calvitimela. Phylogenetic analysis and morphological observations revealed that C. austrochilensis and C. uniseptata are extraneous to Calvitimela (Tephromelataceae). We also found molecular evidence supporting C. septentrionalis being sister to C. cuprea. In the subgenus Severidea, one new grouping is recovered as a highly supported sister to C. aglaea. Lastly, two fertile specimens were found to be phylogenetically nested within the sorediate species C. cuprea. We discuss the need for an updated classification of Calvitimela and the evolution of cryptic species. Through generic circumscription and species delimitation we propose a practical taxonomy of Calvitimela.

• Bjorå, Charlotte Sletten; Bendiksby, Mika; Johannessen, Lars Erik; Løfall, Bjørn Petter & Timdal, Einar (2023). Collections of Arctic Plants, Lichens, and Fungi in the Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Norway. Collections: A Journal for Museum and Archives Professionals. ISSN 1550-1906. 19(3). doi: 10.1177/15501906231171737. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The Arctic has been, and is, an area of focus for the botanical and fungal (lichenized fungi included) collections at the Natural History Museum of Oslo. These collections house more than 233,000 unique Arctic specimens, the oldest dating back more than two centuries. The vascular plants account for 63 percent, lichens 30 percent, and fungi 7 percent. The Arctic collections have a circumpolar representation with emphasis on mainland Norway (48 percent) and Svalbard (13 percent), followed by Arctic America (10 percent), Greenland (9 percent), and Arctic Russia (8 percent). The Oslo herbarium and fungarium house collections from important polar expeditions like Fram-2, Gjøa, and Maud, but also of many expeditions where collecting biological specimens was the main purpose. The number of new collections was highest in the decades 1930 to 1939 and 2000 to 2009 with each around 35,000 new specimens. In the 1990s, a DNA Bank was established for DNA extracts and tissue samples, and it houses today 22,879 Arctic accessions of fungi, lichens, and plants. In times of climatic change and a tense geopolitical situation, the herbarium and fungarium at NHM-Oslo represent an invaluable source for biological information about the Arctic. We welcome the use of our collections for research-, nature management-, and teaching purposes.

• Brinker, Samuel R.; Evankow, Ann & Timdal, Einar (2022). Rhizoplaca ouimetensis sp. nov. (Lecanoraceae) from Ontario, the first sorediate species in the genus. The Bryologist. ISSN 0007-2745. 125(4), p. 513–523. doi: 10.1639/0007-2745-125.4.513. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Rhizoplaca ouimetensis is described new to science, growing on outcrops of diabase sills in the Lake Superior region of Ontario, Canada. It is the first known sorediate species of the genus, and a phylogenetic reconstruction based on the ITS and mtSSU markers place it in the R. chrysoleuca group. Morphologically, however, it resembles sorediate, yellow-green species of Lecanora with usnic acid, e.g., L. handelii and L. soralifera, but differs from those in forming larger, often pulvinate or minutely peltate areoles with a well-developed upper cortex and a medulla densely filled with calcium oxalate crystals.

• Svensson, Måns; Haugan, Reidar; Timdal, Einar; Westberg, Martin & Arup, Ulf (2022). The circumscription and phylogenetic position of Bryonora (Lecanoraceae, Ascomycota), with two additions to the genus. Mycologia. ISSN 0027-5514. 114(3), p. 516–532. doi: 10.1080/00275514.2022.2037339. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Lecanoraceae is one of the largest families of the Lecanoromycetes, with about 30 accepted genera, many of which, however, have uncertain status and/or circumscriptions. We assess the phylogenetic position of the genus Bryonora and its segregate Bryodina for the first time, using a six-locus phylogeny comprising the Lecanoraceae as well as closely related families. We find strong support for the placement of Bryonora in the Lecanoraceae, whereas there is no support for treating Bryodina as a genus separate from Bryonora. Hence, we reduce Bryodina to synonymy with Bryonora. Further, we describe Bryonora microlepis as new to science and transfer Lecanora castaneoides to Bryonora and L. vicaria to Miriquidica. A world key to Bryonora is included.

• Timdal, Einar (2022). The taxonomic status of Nephroma parile chemotype 2. Graphis Scripta. ISSN 0901-7593. 34(7), p. 134–138. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Chemotype 2 of Nephroma parile, occurring in southern South America, is confirmed as a distinct chemotype. However, it is genetically (nrITS and mtSSU) not differentiated from chemotype 1 in the Northern Hemisphere and does not merit status as a separate taxon. Nephroma parile is hence regarded as a monotypic, bipolar species.

• Timdal, Einar (2022). Nephroma tangeriense new to Oceania, from Hawaii. Opuscula Philolichenum. ISSN 1941-7519. 21, p. 182–189. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Nephroma tangeriense was previously known from Macaronesia, the Mediterranean Basin, and western Europe north to Norway, and is here reported from the island of Kauai, Hawaii. The ITS sequence obtained from the specimen differs from the main European/Macaronesian genotype in only a single nucleotide substitution. A haplotype network of the N. laevigatum group is presented.

• Halici, Mehmet Gökhan; Möller, Erik Johan; Timdal, Einar; Yigit, Merve Kahraman & Bölükbasi, Ekrem (2022). Rhizocarpon ozsoyae sp. nova (Rhizocarpaceae, lichenized Ascomycetes) from James Ross Island (Antarctic Peninsula). Herzogia. ISSN 0018-0971. 35(1), p. 105–114. doi: 10.13158/heia.35.1.2022.105. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The new lichen species Rhizocarpon ozsoyae is described from James Ross Island, located in the north-eastern Antarctic Peninsula region. The nrITS and mtSSU gene regions of the new species are studied and the phylogenetic position of the species is in the Rhizocarpon geographicum group. It differs from the other species of the group by having mostly 1-septate and smaller ascospores, and from nearly all of them by containing norstictic acid.

• Kotkova, V.M.; Timdal, Einar & m.fl., m.fl. (2022). New cryptogamic records. 10. Novitates Systematicae Plantarum non Vascularium. ISSN 0568-5435. 56(2), p. 477–517. doi: 10.31111/nsnr/2022.56.2.477. Full text in Research Archive
• Ravera, Sonia; Vizzini, Alfredo; Puglisi, Marta; Assini, Silvia; Benesperi, Renato & Bianchi, Elisabetta [Show all 33 contributors for this article] (2022). Notulae to the Italian flora of algae, bryophytes, fungi and lichens: 13. Italian Botanist. p. 1–17. doi: 10.3897/italianbotanist.13.82155. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In this contribution, new data concerning bryophytes, fungi and lichens of the Italian flora are presented. It includes new records and confirmations for the bryophyte genera Bryum, Cryphaea, Didymodon, and Grimmia; the fungal genera Bryostigma, Cercidospora, Conocybe, Cortinarius, Endococcus, Inocybe, Psathyrella, and Sphaerellothecium; the lichen genera Agonimia, Anisomeridium, Bilimbia, Diplotomma, Gyalecta, Huneckia, Lecidella, Lempholemma, Myriolecis, Nephroma, Pannaria, Pycnothelia, Pyrrhospora, Rinodina, Stereocaulon, Thalloidima, Trapelia, Usnea, Variospora, and Verrucaria.

• Zhong, Qiuyi; Zhang, Yanyun; Wang, Xinyu; Timdal, Einar; Gong, Hede & Wang, Zizhi [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). Phaeorrhiza (Physciaceae), a new lichen genus record to China. Phytotaxa. ISSN 1179-3155. 510(3), p. 228–238. doi: 10.11646/phytotaxa.510.3.3. Full text in Research Archive
• Tønsberg, Tor; Palice, Z. & Timdal, Einar (2021). Marchantiana asserigena, a genus and species new to Norway. Graphis Scripta. ISSN 0901-7593. 33(4), p. 67–78. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Marchantiana asserigena is reported new to Norway from the south-west (counties Rogaland, Hordaland, Sogn og Fjordane, and Møre og Romsdal) at altitudes from near sea level to 393 m. It occurs on branches of trees and shrubs and has been found on 33 species of phorophytes (including two hybridigenous ones). Larix decidua was the phorophyte with most collections. Based on the present material M. asserigena seems to be widespread in urban and suburban areas and in the cultural landscape. It is likely that M. asserigena is more widely distributed in Norway than the presented material indicates. Due to the inconspicuous thallus, the diminutive apothecia, and its unusual ecology it is easily overlooked.

• Timdal, Einar & Tønsberg, Tor (2021). Lepraria lobificans (syn. L. santosii) and L. sylvicola new to northern Europe from Norway. Graphis Scripta. ISSN 0901-7593. 33(3), p. 50–58. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The two lichen species Lepraria lobificans (syn. L. santosii) and L. sylvicola are reported new to northern Europa, based on collections from Western Norway and Northern Norway, respectively. The specimens were identified by morphology, thin-layer chromatography, and the DNA barcode marker. The common species currently named L. lobificans in Northern Europe should be named L. finkii.

• Halici, Mehmet Gökhan; Kahraman, Merve; Kistenich, Sonja & Timdal, Einar (2021). Toniniopsis bartakii - A new species of lichenised fungus from James Ross Island (Antarctic Peninsula). Turkish Journal of Botany. ISSN 1300-008X. 45(3), p. 216–223. doi: 10.3906/bot-2101-24. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The new lichen species Toniniopsis bartakii is described from James Ross Island, the North-East Antarctic Peninsula region. It is phylogenetically most closely related to T. bagliettoana but differs mainly in forming a more developed, squamulose thallus. It is morphologically more similar to T. coelestina but differs mainly in the pigmentation in the proper exciple. An identification key to the known species of Toniniopsis is also provided.

• Timdal, Einar; Westberg, Martin; Haugan, Reidar; Hofton, Tom Hellik; Holien, Håkon & Speed, James David Mervyn [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2020). Integrative taxonomy reveals a new species, Nephroma orvoi, in the N. parile species complex (lichenized Ascomycota). Graphis Scripta. ISSN 0901-7593. 32(4), p. 70–85. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Our knowledge of the diversity and distribution of many groups of lichens remains poor due to unclear species boundaries and challenging species identification. We have studied the medium sized to large foliose lichen Nephroma parile, which is known to be heterogeneous in chemistry and genetics. Our aim has been to assess the potential presence of evolutionary significant units within the Nephroma parile species complex that may be worthy of recognition at species level. Using phylogenetic analysis of the fungal DNA-barcode marker (ITS) in combination with studies of morphology and chemistry, we discover two distinct lineages in the N. parile species complex. For the strongly supported clade that corresponds to chemotype II, we describe the new species Nephroma orvoi. The new species is known from Norway, Sweden, Finland, Switzerland, Canada (Alberta and British Columbia), USA (Washington), and Greenland.

• Zang, Yan-Yun; Wang, Xin-Yu; Li, Li-Yuan; Printzen, Christian; Timdal, Einar & Niu, Dong-Ling [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2020). Squamarina (lichenised fungi) species described from China belong to at least three unrelated genera. MycoKeys. ISSN 1314-4057. 66, p. 135–157. doi: 10.3897/mycokeys.66.39057. Full text in Research Archive
• Wijayawardene, N.N.; Timdal, Einar; Hyde, KD; Al-Ani, LKT; Tedersoo, Leho & Haelewaters, Danny [Show all 54 contributors for this article] (2020). Outline of fungi and fungus-like taxa. Mycosphere. ISSN 2077-7000. 11(1), p. 1060–1456. doi: 10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8. Full text in Research Archive
• Fjelde, Markus; Melechin, Alexey & Timdal, Einar (2020). Calvitimela talayana new to Fennoscandia. Graphis Scripta. ISSN 0901-7593. 32(5), p. 101–109. Full text in Research Archive
• Gauslaa, Yngvar & Timdal, Einar (2020). Usnea rubicunda new to Scandinavia. Graphis Scripta. ISSN 0901-7593. 32(6), p. 110–119. Full text in Research Archive
• Kistenich, Sonja Daniela; Bendiksby, Mika; Weerakoon, Gothamie & Timdal, Einar (2020). A revision of the genus Aciculopsora (Ramalinaceae) with the description of one new species and one new combination. Plant and Fungal Systematics. ISSN 2544-7459. 65(1), p. 200–209. doi: 10.35535/pfsyst-2020-0015. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The tropical lichen genus Aciculopsora is still very poorly collected. Only eleven collections are known worldwide. We present a molecular phylogenetic tree based on mtSSU and nrITS sequence data from six Aciculopsora specimens. Our results corroborate the monophyly of the genus. We conclude that Aciculopsora consists of three species: A. cinerea, A. longispora comb. nov. (≡ Phyllopsora longispora, = A. salmonea syn. nov.) and A. srilankensis sp. nov. Aciculopsora cinerea occurs in Brazil, A. longispora in Argentina, Costa Rica, Ecuador, and Kenya, and A. srilankensis in Sri Lanka. As such, the genus is new for the Paleotropics, Argentina and Ecuador.

• Haugan, Reidar & Timdal, Einar (2019). Peltigera wulingensis new to Europe. Graphis Scripta. ISSN 0901-7593. 31(6), p. 47–53. Full text in Research Archive
• Marthinsen, Gunnhild; Rui, Siri & Timdal, Einar (2019). OLICH: A reference library of DNA barcodes for Nordic Lichens. Biodiversity Data Journal. ISSN 1314-2836. 7(e36252), p. 1–146. doi: 10.3897/bdj.7.e36252. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background DNA barcodes are increasingly being used for species identification amongst the lichenised fungi. This paper presents a dataset aiming to provide an authoritative DNA barcode sequence library for a wide array of Nordic lichens. New information We present 1324 DNA barcode sequences (nrITS) for 507 species in 175 genera and 25 orders. Thirty-eight species are new to GenBank and, for 25 additional species, ITS sequences are here presented for the first time. The dataset covers 20–21% of the Nordic lichenised species. Barcode gap analyses are given and discussed for the three genera Cladonia, Ramalina and Umbilicaria. The new combination Bryobilimbia fissuriseda (Poelt) Timdal, Marthinsen & Rui is proposed for Mycobilimbia fissuriseda and Nordic material of the species, currently referred to as Pseudocyphellaria crocata and Psoroma tenue ssp. boreale, are shown to belong in Pseudocyphellaria citrina and Psoroma cinnamomeum, respectively.

• Kistenich, Sonja Daniela; Bendiksby, Mika; Ekman, Stefan; Caceres, MES; Hernández, Jesus E. & Timdal, Einar (2019). Towards an integrative taxonomy of Phyllopsora (Ramalinaceae). The Lichenologist. ISSN 0024-2829. 51(4), p. 323–392. doi: 10.1017/S0024282919000252. Full text in Research Archive
• Haugan, Reidar & Timdal, Einar (2019). The morphologically cryptic lichen species Parmelia ernstiae and P. serrana new to Norway. Graphis Scripta. ISSN 0901-7593. 31(2), p. 5–13. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The two species Parmelia ernstiae and P. serrana are reported as new to Norway from two collections each, identified by the DNA barcode marker (nrITS). A chemical analysis of selected specimens of P. saxatilis s. lat. revealed an additional 29 collections of the two species due to the presence of fatty acids. An analysis of seven morphological and chemical characters currently used for distinguishing the two species failed, however, and the two species are hence regarded as morphologically cryptic.

• Kistenich, Sonja; Halvorsen, Rune; Schrøder-Nielsen, Audun; Thorbek, Birgitte Lisbeth Graae; Timdal, Einar & Bendiksby, Mika (2019). DNA Sequencing Historical Lichen Specimens. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 7. doi: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00005. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Biological specimens in natural history collections worldwide are increasingly being used in biogeographical, environmental, and taxonomic studies. For their meaningful use, correct species identification is crucial. For example, clarifying if a species is new to science requires an overview of what has already been described. This includes comparisons with existing authoritative specimens (types). Most type specimens are rather old and their DNA expected to be degraded to various extents. Comparative DNA sequence analysis is in regular use in taxonomic research of today and is essential for identifying and delimiting species. In this study, we focus on lichenized fungi (lichens), in which many species groups are highly inconspicuous and impossible to identify to species based on morphology alone. Our aim was to test the non-mutually exclusive hypotheses that DNA quality of lichens depends on (1) time since collection, (2) taxonomic affinity, and/or (3) habitat/ecology. We included two species from each of four different lichen genera (i.e., Cladonia, Nephroma, Peltigera, and Ramalina), each species pair with a different autecology. For each species, we included samples from approximately every 25 years from present to about 150 years back in time. We used a two-step PCR-based approach followed by sequencing on an Ion Torrent PGM to produce target sequences (mtSSU) of degraded DNA. We received satisfactory DNA sequence information for 54 of 56 specimens. We recovered full-length sequences for several more than 100-years-old specimens, including a 127-years-old specimen, and retrieved enough sequence information for species identification of a 150-years-old specimen. As expected, sequencing success was negatively correlated with age of the specimens. It also varied with taxonomic affinity. We found no significant correlation between sequencing success and habitat ecology of the investigated specimens. The herein tested Ion Torrent sequencing approach outperformed Sanger sequencing with regard to sequencing success and efficiency. We find the protocol used herein highly suitable for obtaining sequences from both young and old lichen specimens and discuss potential improvements to it.

• Lindblom, Louise Maria; Blom, Hans H. & Timdal, Einar (2019). The genus Xanthomendoza in Norway. Graphis Scripta. ISSN 0901-7593. 31(7), p. 54–75. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  We distinguish five Xanthomendoza species in Norway, viz., X. borealis, X. fallax, X. fulva, X. oregana, and X. ulophyllodes, based on morphology and molecular evidence. This paper gives an updated taxonomy of the Norwegian species of Xanthomendoza, and addresses previous misconceptions. Xanthomendoza ulophyllodes is reported as occurring in Norway. The species was previously misunderstood in Norway and removed from the Nordic checklist. We show that the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) is a useful barcode marker for the treated species. We provide a key and short descriptions of the species, with notes on specific issues, ecology, geographic distribution, illustrations, maps, and a DNA reference library (DNA barcoding).

• Kistenich, Sonja Daniela; Ekman, Stefan; Bendiksby, Mika & Timdal, Einar (2019). (2687) Proposal to conserve the name Phyllopsora against Triclinum and Crocynia (Ramalinaceae, lichenized Ascomycota). Taxon. ISSN 0040-0262. 68(3), p. 590–592. doi: 10.1002/tax.12075. Full text in Research Archive
• Kistenich, Sonja Daniela; Bendiksby, Mika; Vairappan, Charles S.; Weerakoon, Gothamie; Wijesundara, Siril & Wolseley, Patricia [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). A regional study of the genus Phyllopsora (Ramalinaceae) in Asia and Melanesia. MycoKeys. ISSN 1314-4057. 53, p. 23–72. doi: 10.3897/mycokeys.53.33425. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Phyllopsora is a crustose to squamulose lichen genus inhabiting the bark of trees in moist tropical forests and rainforests. Species identification is generally challenging and is mainly based on ascospore morphology, thallus morphology and anatomy, vegetative dispersal units, and on secondary chemistry. While regional treatments of the genus have been conducted for Africa, South America and Australia, there exists no study focusing on the Asian and Melanesian species. Previously, 24 species of Phyllopsora s. str. have been reported from major national studies and checklists representing 13 countries. We have studied herbarium material of 625 Phyllopsora specimens from 18 countries using morphology, anatomy, secondary chemistry, and molecular data to investigate the diversity of Phyllopsora species in Asia and Melanesia. We report the occurrence of 28 species of Phyllopsora including the following three species described as new to science: P. sabahana from Malaysia, P. siamensis from Thailand and P. pseudocorallina from Asia and Africa. Eight species are reported as new to Asia. A key to the Asian and Melanesian species of Phyllopsora is provided.

• Zamora, Juan Carlos; Svensson, Måns; Kirschner, Roland; Olariaga, Ibai; Ryman, Svengunnar & Parra, Luis Alberto [Show all 50 contributors for this article] (2018). Considerations and consequences of allowing DNA sequence data as types of fungal taxa. IMA Fungus. ISSN 2210-6340. 9(1), p. 167–175. doi: 10.5598/imafungus.2018.09.01.10. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity). Two proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), allowing DNA sequences alone (of any region and extent) to serve as types of taxon names for voucherless fungi (mainly putative taxa from environmental DNA sequences), have been submitted to be voted on at the 11th International Mycological Congress (Puerto Rico, July 2018). We consider various genetic processes affecting the distribution of alleles among taxa and find that alleles may not consistently and uniquely represent the species within which they are contained. Should the proposals be accepted, the meaning of nomenclatural types would change in a fundamental way from physical objects as sources of data to the data themselves. Such changes are conducive to irreproducible science, the potential typification on artefactual data, and massive creation of names with low information content, ultimately causing nomenclatural instability and unnecessary work for future researchers that would stall future explorations of fungal diversity. We conclude that the acceptance of DNA sequences alone as types of names of taxa, under the terms used in the current proposals, is unnecessary and would not solve the problem of naming putative taxa known only from DNA sequences in a scientifically defensible way. As an alternative, we highlight the use of formulas for naming putative taxa (candidate taxa) that do not require any modification of the ICN.

• Kistenich, Sonja; Rikkinen, Jouko; Thüs, Holger; Vairappan, Charles S.; Wolseley, Patricia & Timdal, Einar (2018). Three new species of Krogia (Ramalinaceae, lichenised Ascomycota) from the Paleotropics. MycoKeys. ISSN 1314-4057. 40, p. 69–88. doi: 10.3897/mycokeys.40.26025. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Krogia borneensis Kistenich & Timdal, K. isidiata Kistenich & Timdal and K. macrophylla Kistenich & Timdal are described as new species, the first from Borneo and the two latter from New Caledonia. The new species are supported by morphology, secondary chemistry and DNA sequence data. Krogia borneensis and K. isidiata contain sekikaic and homosekikaic acid, both compounds reported here for the first time from the genus. Krogia macrophylla contains an unknown compound apparently related to boninic acid as the major compound. DNA sequences (mtSSU and nrITS) are provided for the first time for Krogia and a phylogeny of the genus based on 15 accessions of five of the six accepted species is presented. Krogia antillarum is reported as new to Brazil, Guatemala and Mexico.

• Bendiksby, Mika; Næsborg, Rikke Reese & Timdal, Einar (2018). Xylopsora canopeorum (Umbilicariaceae), a new lichen species from the canopy of Sequoia sempervirens. MycoKeys. ISSN 1314-4057. 30, p. 1–15. doi: 10.3897/mycokeys.30.22271. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Xylopsora canopeorum Timdal, Reese Næsborg & Bendiksby is described as a new species occupying the crowns of large Sequoia sempervirens trees in California, USA. The new species is supported by morphology, anatomy, secondary chemistry and DNA sequence data. While similar in external appearance to X. friesii, it is distinguished by forming smaller, partly coralloid squamules, by the occurrence of soralia and, in some specimens, by the presence of thamnolic acid in addition to friesiic acid in the thallus. Molecular phylogenetic results are based on nuclear (ITS and LSU) as well as mitochondrial (SSU) ribosomal DNA sequence alignments. Phylogenetic hypotheses obtained using Bayesian Inference, Maximum Likelihood and Maximum Parsimony all support X. canopeorum as a distinct evolutionary lineage belonging to the X. caradocensis–X. friesii clade.

• Shi, Haixia; Wang, Xinyu; Zhou, Yuanfei; Liu, Dong; Zhang, Yanyun & Yang, Meixia [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2018). Three new species and one new combination of Gypsoplaca (lichenized Ascomycota) from the Hengduan Mountains in China. Mycological Progress. ISSN 1617-416X. 17(7), p. 781–790. doi: 10.1007/s11557-018-1396-3. Full text in Research Archive
• Haugan, Reidar & Timdal, Einar (2018). Lecidea toensbergii, the first described sorediate species in Lecidea sensu stricto. Graphis Scripta. ISSN 0901-7593. 30(6), p. 51–58. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  A molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the DNA barcode marker (nrITS) of 12 specimens of Lecidea leucothallina revealed three monophyletic clades, two apotheciate and one sorediate. The sorediate clade is described as L. toensbergii, and the two apotheciate clades are regarded as representing two cryptic species within L. leucothallina. Pannarin may be present or absent in the upper cortex in all three clades, and should not be used as a diagnostic character for further separation of taxa in this group.

• Kistenich, Sonja; Timdal, Einar; Bendiksby, Mika & Ekman, Stefan (2018). Molecular systematics and character evolution in the lichen family Ramalinaceae (Ascomycota: Lecanorales). Taxon. ISSN 0040-0262. 67(5), p. 871–904. doi: 10.12705/675.1. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The Ramalinaceae is the fourth‐largest family of lichenized ascomycetes with 42 genera and 913 species exhibiting considerable morphological variation. Historically, generic boundaries in the Ramalinaceae were primarily based on morphological characters. However, molecular systematic investigations of subgroups revealed that current taxonomy is at odds with evolutionary relationships. Tropical members of the family remain particularly understudied, including the large genus Phyllopsora. We have generated and collected multilocus sequence data (mtSSU, nrITS, nrLSU, RPB1, RPB2) for 149 species associated with the Ramalinaceae and present the first comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the family. We used ancestral state reconstructions on our molecular family phylogeny to trace the evolution of character states. Our results indicate that the Ramalinaceae have arisen from an ancestor with long, multiseptate ascospores living in humid temperate forests, and that the phyllopsoroid growth form has evolved multiple times within the family. Based on our results using integrative taxonomy, we discuss sister‐relations and taxon‐delimitation within five well‐supported clades: The Bacidia, Biatora‐, Ramalina‐, Rolfidium‐, and Toninia‐groups. We reduce six genera into synonymy and make 49 new nomenclatural combinations. The genera Bacidia, Phyllopsora, Physcidia and Toninia are polyphyletic and herein split into segregates. We describe the two genera Bellicidia and Parallopsora and resurrect the genera Bibbya, Kiliassia, Sporacestra, and Thalloidima. According to our new circumscription, which also includes some additional changes, the family Ramalinaceae now comprises 39 genera.

• Leavitt, Steven D.; Westberg, Martin; Nelsen, Matthew P.; Elix, John A.; Timdal, Einar & Sohrabi, Mohammad [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2018). Multiple, distinct intercontinental lineages but isolation of Australian populations in a cosmopolitan lichen-forming Fungal Taxon, Psora decipiens (Psoraceae, Ascomycota). Frontiers in Microbiology. 9. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00283. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Multiple drivers shape the spatial distribution of species, including dispersal capacity, niche incumbency, climate variability, orographic barriers, and plate tectonics. However, biogeographic patterns of fungi commonly do not fit conventional expectations based on studies of animals and plants. Fungi, in general, are known to occur across exceedingly broad, intercontinental distributions, including some important components of biological soil crust communities (BSCs). However, molecular data often reveal unexpected biogeographic patterns in lichenized fungal species that are assumed to have cosmopolitan distributions. The lichen-forming fungal species Psora decipiens is found on all continents, except Antarctica and occurs in BSCs across diverse habitats, ranging from hot, arid deserts to alpine habitats. In order to better understand factors that shape population structure in cosmopolitan lichen-forming fungal species, we investigated biogeographic patterns in the cosmopolitan taxon P. decipiens, along with the closely related taxa P. crenata and P. saviczii. We generated a multi-locus sequence dataset based on a worldwide sampling of these taxa in order to reconstruct evolutionary relationships and explore phylogeographic patterns. Both P. crenata and P. decipiens were not recovered as monophyletic; and P. saviczii specimens were recovered as a monophyletic clade closely related to a number of lineages comprised of specimens representing P. decipiens. Striking phylogeographic patterns were observed for P. crenata, with populations from distinct geographic regions belonging to well-separated, monophyletic lineages. South African populations of P. crenata were further divided into well-supported sub-clades. While well-supported phylogenetic substructure was also observed for the nominal taxon P. decipiens, nearly all lineages were comprised of specimens collected from intercontinental populations. However, all Australian specimens representing P. decipiens were recovered within a single well-supported monophyletic clade consisting solely of Australian samples. Our study supports up to 10 candidate species-level lineages in P. decipiens, based on genealogical concordance and coalescent-based species delimitation analyses. Our results support the general pattern of the biogeographic isolation of lichen-forming fungal populations in Australia, even in cases where closely related congeners have documented intercontinental distributions. Our study has important implications for understanding factors influencing diversification and distributions of lichens associated with BSC.

• Wijayawardene, Nalin N.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Rajeshkumar, Kunhiraman C.; Hawksworth, David L.; Madrid, Hugo & Kirk, Paul M. [Show all 97 contributors for this article] (2017). Notes for genera: Ascomycota. Fungal diversity. ISSN 1560-2745. 86(1), p. 1–594. doi: 10.1007/s13225-017-0386-0. Full text in Research Archive
• Timdal, Einar (2017). Endocarpon crystallinum found in Crete, a window-lichen new to Europe. Herzogia. ISSN 0018-0971. 30(1), p. 309–312. doi: 10.13158/heia.30.1.2017.309. Full text in Research Archive
• Timdal, Einar; Bendiksby, Mika; Kahraman, Arife Merve & Halici, Mehmet Gökhan (2017). Psora taurensis (Psoraceae, Lecanorales), a new lichen species from Turkey. MycoKeys. ISSN 1314-4057. 21, p. 1–12. doi: 10.3897/mycokeys.21.11726. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Herein we describe the new species, Psora taurensis, from two localities in the Taurus Mountains in Turkey at ca. 1000 m altitude. Investigations of anatomy, secondary chemistry and DNA sequences (ITS and mtSSU) of P. taurensis and presumed close relatives suggest that P. taurensis is a distinct evolutionary lineage with P. tenuifolia as its sister, although it is morphologically more similar to P. russellii and P. vallesiaca.

• Lücking, Robert & Timdal, Einar (2016). New species of Dictyonema and Cyphellostereum (lichenized Basidiomycota: Hygrophoraceae) from tropical Africa and the Indian Ocean, dedicated to the late Hildur Krog. Willdenowia. ISSN 0511-9618. 46(1), p. 191–199. doi: 10.3372/wi.46.46115. Full text in Research Archive
• Timdal, Einar; Obermayer, Walter & Bendiksby, Mika (2016). Psora altotibetica (Psoraceae, Lecanorales), a new lichen species from the Tibetan part of the Himalayas. MycoKeys. ISSN 1314-4057. 13, p. 35–48. doi: 10.3897/mycokeys.13.8824. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In the present study, we describe the new species, Psora altotibetica, from nine localities in China (Tibetan area) and Nepal. The study includes analyses of anatomy, secondary chemistry, and DNA sequence data of P. altotibetica and presumed close relatives. Psora altotibetica resembles P. indigirkae morphologically, but is phylogenetically closer to P. tenuifolia and P. vallesiaca. It differs from P. indigirkae in the colour of the apothecia, the size of the ascospores, and in the secondary chemistry. The species is terricolous and was collected in the alpine zone of the Great Himalayas between 4230 and 5000 m altitude. Psora tenuifolia and P. vallesiaca are here reported as new to China and the Himalayas.

• McCune, Bruce; Timdal, Einar & Bendiksby, Mika (2016). Rhizocarpon quinonum, a new anthraquinone-containing species from the Alaska Peninsula. The Lichenologist. ISSN 0024-2829. 48(5), p. 367–375. doi: 10.1017/S0024282916000347. Full text in Research Archive
• Spribille, T; Bilovitz, P.; Printzen, C; Haugan, Reidar & Timdal, Einar (2015). Buellia asterella. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T70385861A70385867.en. Full text in Research Archive
• Westberg, Martin; Timdal, Einar; Asplund, Johan; Bendiksby, Mika; Haugan, Reidar & Jonsson, Fredrik [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2015). New records of lichenized and lichenicolous fungi in Scandinavia. MycoKeys. ISSN 1314-4057. 11, p. 33–61. doi: 10.3897/mycokeys.11.6670. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Fourteen species of lichenized or lichenicolous fungi are reported new to either Norway or Sweden or both countries. Several of these are rare and almost unknown. The reported species are: Acarospora insignis (new to Norway), A. pyrenopsoides (Norway, Sweden), A. versicolor (Norway), Calvitimela perlata (Sweden), Lecidea degeliana (Sweden), Nephroma helveticum (Sweden), Peltula placodizans (Norway), Phacographa protoparmeliae (Norway), Rhizocarpon pycnocarpoides (Norway, Sweden), Sarcogyne algoviae (Sweden), Sarcogyne hypophaeoides (Norway, Sweden), Tephromela grumosa (Norway), Tremella lobariacearum (Norway) and Tremella wirthii (Sweden). In addition Cladonia albonigra is confirmed from Sweden. Sarcogyne hypophaeoides is lectotypified and is also reported new to Austria.

• Bendiksby, Mika; Haugan, Reidar; Spribille, Toby & Timdal, Einar (2015). Molecular phylogenetics and taxonomy of the Calvitimela aglaea complex (Tephromelataceae, Lecanorales). Mycologia. ISSN 0027-5514. 107(6), p. 1172–1183. doi: 10.3852/14-062. Full text in Research Archive

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• Zedda, Luciana; Sipman, Harrie; Moncada, Bibiana; Nimis, Pier Luigi; Spribille, Toby & Timdal, Einar [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2026). Ophioparma rubricosa (Müll. Arg.) Ekman, an extremely rare lichen from Sardinia (Italy). Full text in Research Archive
• Timdal, Einar (2025). Ny art beskrevet fra Østmarka nasjonalpark. Nytt fra Østmarka. 2025(4), p. 24–26. doi: https:/www.ostmarkasvenner.no/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2025/12/NFO2025-4.pdf. Full text in Research Archive
• Timdal, Einar (2025). Diagnostic characters in Rhizocarpon s. lat. Full text in Research Archive
• Timdal, Einar (2025). Species hypotheses in the lichen genera Rehmia and Rhizocarpon (excluding the Rhizocarpon geographicum group). Full text in Research Archive
• Timdal, Einar; Rui, Siri & Bjorå, Charlotte Sletten (2024). Kassevis med lav skal tilbake dit den kom fra. [Internet]. Titan.uio.no. Full text in Research Archive
• Timdal, Einar (2024). Lichens on heavy metal rock and soil in Norway: ITS barcodes reveal new species. Full text in Research Archive
• Timdal, Einar (2024). Lav på kelotrær. Full text in Research Archive
• Evankow, Ann & Timdal, Einar (2024). ITS as a tool to discover and describe cryptic diversity of Psora (Lichenized Ascomycota) in Collections. Full text in Research Archive
• Simon, Antoine; Xu, Maonian; Möller, Erik Johan; Evankow, Ann; Lebreton, Elise & Haugen, Reidar [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2024). Molecular systematics and chemotaxonomic exploration of the genus Pseudocyphellaria sensu lato in New Caledonia. Full text in Research Archive
• Charalambous, Nicolas & Timdal, Einar (2023). Nicolas leter etter nye arter i en slekt nesten ingen andre har studert. [Internet]. https://www.forskning.no/. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  "Masterstudent Nicolas Charalambous har fått i oppgave å rydde opp i en lavslekt som nesten ingen har undersøkt før ham. Kanskje resulterer arbeidet hans i beskrivelser av helt nye arter."

• Timdal, Einar (2023). Clades, clusters and species hypotheses in the crustose lichen genus Lecidea. Full text in Research Archive
• Timdal, Einar (2023). Peltigera sect. Peltigera in Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Evankow, Ann; Bendiksby, Mika & Timdal, Einar (2023). Cryptic diversity of the lichen genus Psora in cryptogam collections. Full text in Research Archive
• Timdal, Einar (2022). Diskusjon om lav tok 150 år. Full text in Research Archive
• Timdal, Einar (2022). Bruk av lav til farging – lav som egner seg til farging og hvorfor. Full text in Research Archive
• Timdal, Einar (2022). Species hypotheses in Lecidea and Porpidia based on the DNA barcode marker. Full text in Research Archive
• Timdal, Einar (2022). Lav på tungmetall i Norge. Full text in Research Archive
• Timdal, Einar (2022). Nephroma helveticum-komplekset i Norden. Full text in Research Archive
• Evankow, Ann & Timdal, Einar (2022). Challenges & Unexpected Opportunities from constructing a Lichen DNA Barcode Database for Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Timdal, Einar (2022). Lichens on heavy metal rock and soil in Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjorå, Charlotte Sletten; Bendiksby, Mika; Løfall, Bjørn Petter & Timdal, Einar (2022). Collections from the cold solving hot questions. Full text in Research Archive
• Evankow, Ann & Timdal, Einar (2022). Searching for Psora in North America. Full text in Research Archive
• Evankow, Ann; Bendiksby, Mika; Speed, James David Mervyn & Timdal, Einar (2021). INTEGRATIVE TAXONOMY OF THE Psoraceae. Full text in Research Archive
• Lindblom, Louise; Blom, Hans H. & Timdal, Einar (2020). Xanthomendoza ulophyllodes – en allélav. Lavbulletinen. ISSN 1651-6435. 2020(1), p. 32–38. Full text in Research Archive
• Evankow, Ann; Bendiksby, Mika & Timdal, Einar (2020). Integrative taxonomy of the Psoraceae (Lichenized Ascomycota). Full text in Research Archive
• Holien, Håkon & Timdal, Einar (2018). Tor Tønsberg: A birthday tribute. Graphis Scripta. ISSN 0901-7593. 30(6), p. 30–33. Full text in Research Archive
• Marthinsen, Gunnhild; Bendiksby, Mika; Brandrud, Tor Erik; Dima, Bálint; Hansen, Lars Ove & Johnsen, Arild [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2017). Discordance between morphology and DNA barcodes in lichens, fungi and insects. Full text in Research Archive
• Košuthová, Alica; Fačkovcová, Zuzana; Guttová, Anna; Holien, Håkon; Timdal, Einar & Wedin, Mats [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2016). DNA barcoding of lichens and biosystematics; the case studies of genera: Cladonia, Placynthium and Solenopsora. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The main motivation for this project is a situation of shared research questions, complementary competences, and a desire for knowledge and data sharing, both taxonomically and methodologically, between Masaryk University and NTNU. On the lichenology side, there was a motivation for nourishing and fomalizing a dawning network of european lichen systematists. All involved, both the core participants (Bendiksby, Holien and Košuthová) and the accompanyiong scientists (Guttová, Steinová, Timdal, Wedin and Westberg), have some form of ongoing work with at least one participant of this project. However, their respective networks and competences are not the same, and new connections within the group has been made in the present project.

• Haugan, Reidar; Timdal, Einar; Frisch, Andreas; Rui, Siri & Bendiksby, Mika (2016). Miriquidica – yet another non-monophyletic lichen genus rich in cryptic species. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Miriquidica Hertel & Rambold comprises about 30 saxicolous, mainly alpine species worldwide. The genus was originally delimited by the presence of miriquidic acid in most of the species and by asci of the “Lecanora-type”. The species are often difficult to identify without chemical and microscopical investigations. Although they are common rock lichens in some regions in the Northern Hemisphere, many Miriquidica species remain poorly understood. Material and Methods: We have collected Miriquidica extensively throughout Fennoscandia, over wide climatic, geographical and ecological gradients. We studied this, and additional material of available Miriquidica species and presumed close relatives, using TLC, microscopy, and multi-locus DNA-sequencing. We have compiled a dataset with 187 accessions representing specimens collected as Miriquidica, their presumed close relatives, and appropriate outgroups. Some sequences were downloaded from genbank (mainly from Singh et al. 2013). The molecular work was undertaken as described in Bendiksby et al. (2013). A partitioned concatenated dataset of one mitochondrial (mtSSU) and two nuclear genetic regions (ITS and MCM7) was analysed phylogenetically using Maximum likelihood (ML) on the CIPRES Science Gateway (Miller et al. 2010). For the ML analysis, we used the RAxML-HPC black box with rapid bootstrapping and full ML analysis under the GTR+GAMMA approximation. Results: We have discovered several new species, many of them so-called cryptic and Miriquidica hence falls into the line of crustose genera showing a high degree of cryptic speciation (Fig. 1). Our results also show that Miriquidica, as currently circumscribed, is polyphyletic, i.e. one species (M. pycnocarpa) is extraneous in the genus. After its removal from Miriquidica, the genus remains paraphyletic, with species of Protoparmelia (cfr. Singh et al. 2013), Lecanora, Lecidea s.lat., and Myochroidea nested. We recognize several new species, of which we include two in Fig. 1 (M. scoriae and M. ymei), and recombine 11 others.

• Toreskaas, Anne Karin; Bendiksby, Mika & Timdal, Einar (2016). Molecular systematics of the lichen genus Eschatogonia. Full text in Research Archive
• Dahl, Malin Stapnes; Bendiksby, Mika & Timdal, Einar (2016). Molecular systematics of the lichen genus Sporacestra and relatives (Ramalinaceae, Ascomycota). Full text in Research Archive
• Toreskaas, Anne Karin; Bendiksby, Mika & Timdal, Einar (2016). Molecular systematics of the lichen genus Eschatogonia. Full text in Research Archive
• Kistenich, Sonja Daniela; Timdal, Einar; Bendiksby, Mika & Ekman, Stefan (2016). Molecular phylogenetics and taxonomy of the lichen family Ramalinaceae. Full text in Research Archive
• Dahl, Malin Stapnes; Bendiksby, Mika & Timdal, Einar (2016). Molecular systematics of the lichen genus Sporacestra and relatives (Ramalinaceae, Ascomycota). Full text in Research Archive
• Kistenich, Sonja Daniela; Timdal, Einar; Bendiksby, Mika & Ekman, Stefan (2016). Molecular phylogenetics and taxonomy of the lichen family Ramalinaceae. Full text in Research Archive
• Košuthová, Alica; Fačkovcová, Z.; Flatberg, Kjell Ivar; Guttová, Anna; Hájek, Michael & Hassel, Kristian [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2015). DNA barcoding of bryophytes and lichens, including biosystematic studies of selected groups. Full text in Research Archive
• Bendiksby, Mika; Haugan, Reidar; Spribille, Toby & Timdal, Einar (2015). DNA barcoding and phylogenetics – An example from the Calvitimela aglaea lichen complex (Tephromelataceae, Lecanorales). Full text in Research Archive
• Bendiksby, Mika & Timdal, Einar (2014). Molecular systematics and taxonomy of Southeast Asian members of the tropical rainforest genus Phyllopsora (Ramalinaceae). Full text in Research Archive
• Haugan, Reidar; Holien, Håkon; Hovind, Annie Beret Ås; Ihlen, Per Gerhard & Timdal, Einar (2021). Lav ('Lichenes'). Norsk rødliste for arter 2021. Artsdatabanken. Full text in Research Archive
• Haugan, Reidar; Holien, Håkon; Hovind, Annie Beret Ås; Ihlen, Per Gerhard & Timdal, Einar (2021). Artsgruppeomtale lav ('Lichenes'). Norsk rødliste for arter 2021. Artsdatabanken. Full text in Research Archive

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