Publications from the museum

• Liow, Lee Hsiang & Taylor, Paul D. (2019). Cope's Rule in a modular organism: Directional evolution without an overarching macroevolutionary trend. Evolution.  ISSN 0014-3820.  73(9), s 1863- 1872 . doi: 10.1111/evo.13800
• Lifjeld, Jan Terje; Gohli, Jostein; Albrecht, Tomas; Garcia-del-Rey, Eduardo; Johannessen, Lars Erik; Kleven, Oddmund; Marki, Petter Zahl; Omotoriogun, Taiwo Crossby; Rowe, Melissah & Johnsen, Arild (2019). Evolution of female promiscuity in Passerides songbirds. BMC Evolutionary Biology.  ISSN 1471-2148.  19(1) . doi: 10.1186/s12862-019-1493-1 Full text in Research Archive. Show summary

  Background: Female promiscuity is highly variable among birds, and particularly among songbirds. Comparative work has identified several patterns of covariation with social, sexual, ecological and life history traits. However, it is unclear whether these patterns reflect causes or consequences of female promiscuity, or if they are byproducts of some unknown evolutionary drivers. Moreover, factors that explain promiscuity at the deep nodes in the phylogenetic tree may be different from those important at the tips, i.e. among closely related species. Here we examine the relationships between female promiscuity and a broad set of predictor variables in a comprehensive data set (N = 202 species) of Passerides songbirds, which is a highly diversified infraorder of the Passeriformes exhibiting significant variation in female promiscuity. Results: Female promiscuity was highly variable in all major clades of the Passerides phylogeny and also among closely related species. We found several significant associations with female promiscuity, albeit with fairly small effect sizes (all R2 ≤ 0.08). More promiscuous species had: 1) less male parental care, particularly during the early stages of the nesting cycle (nest building and incubation), 2) more short-term pair bonds, 3) greater degree of sexual dichromatism, primarily because females were drabber, 4) more migratory behaviour, and 5) stronger premating sexual selection. In a multivariate model, however, the effect of sexual selection disappeared, while the other four variables showed additive effects and together explained about 16% of the total variance in female promiscuity. Female promiscuity showed no relationship with body size, life history variation, latitude or cooperative breeding. Conclusions: We found that multiple traits were associated with female promiscuity, but these associations were generally weak. Some traits, such as reduced parental care in males and more cryptic plumage in females, might even be responses to, rather than causes of, variation in female promiscuity. Hence, the high variation in female promiscuity among Passerides species remains enigmatic. Female promiscuity seems to be a rapidly evolving trait that often diverges between species with similar ecologies and breeding systems. A future challenge is therefore to understand what drives within-lineage variation in female promiscuity over microevolutionary time scales. Keywords: Extrapair paternity, Life history, Mating system, Pair bond, Parental care, Sexual selection

• Vollering, Julien Martin Marie; Halvorsen, Rune; Auestad, Inger & Rydgren, Knut (2019). Bunching up the background betters bias in species distribution models. Ecography.  ISSN 0906-7590.  42, s 1- 11 . doi: 10.1111/ecog.04503 Full text in Research Archive.
• Sandvik, Hanno; Dolmen, Dag; Elven, Reidar; Falkenhaug, Tone; Forsgren, Elisabet; Hansen, Haakon; Hassel, Kristian; Husa, Vivian; Kjærstad, Gaute; Ødegaard, Frode; Pedersen, Hans Christian; Solheim, Halvor; Stokke, Bård Gunnar; Åsen, Per Arvid; Åström, Sandra Charlotte Helene; Brandrud, Tor Erik; Elven, Hallvard; Endrestøl, Anders; Finstad, Anders Gravbrøt; Fredriksen, Stein; Gammelmo, Øivind; Gjershaug, Jan Ove; Gulliksen, Bjørn; Hamnes, Inger Sofie; Hatteland, Bjørn Arild; Hegre, Hanne; Hesthagen, Trygve H.; Jelmert, Anders; Jensen, Thomas Correll; Johnsen, Stein Ivar; Karlsbakk, Egil; Magnusson, Christer; Nedreaas, Kjell Harald; Nordén, Björn; Oug, Eivind; Pedersen, Oddvar; Pedersen, Per Anker; Sjøtun, Kjersti; Skei, Jon Kristian; Solstad, Heidi; Sundheim, Leif; Swenson, Jon; Syvertsen, Per Ole; Talgø, Venche; Vandvik, Vigdis; Westergaard, Kristine Bakke; Wienerroither, Rupert; Ytrehus, Bjørnar; Hilmo, Olga; Henriksen, Snorre & Gederaas, Lisbeth (2019). Alien plants, animals, fungi and algae in Norway: an inventory of neobiota. Biological Invasions.  ISSN 1387-3547.  21(10), s 2997- 3012 . doi: 10.1007/s10530-019-02058-x Full text in Research Archive. Show summary

  We present the results of an inventory and status assessment of alien species in Norway. The inventory covered all known multicellular neobiota, 2496 in total, 1039 of which were classified as naturalised. The latter constitute c. 3% of all species known to be stably reproducing in Norway. These figures are higher than expected from Norway’s latitude, which may be due a combination of climatic and historical factors, as well as sampling effort. Most of the naturalised neobiota were plants (71%),followed by animals (21%) and fungi (8%). The main habitat types colonised were open lowlands (79%), urban environments (52%) and woodlands (42%). The main areas of origin were Europe (67%), North America (15%) and Asia (13%). For most taxa, the rate of novel introductions seems to have been increasing during recent decades. Within Norway, the number of alien species recorded per county was negatively correlated with latitude and positively correlated with human population density. In the high-Arctic territories under Norwegian sovereignty, i.e. Svalbard and Jan Mayen, 104 alien species were recorded, of which 5 were naturalised.

• Sandvik, Hanno; Hilmo, Olga; Finstad, Anders Gravbrøt; Hegre, Hanne; Moen, Toril Loennechen; Rafoss, Trond; Skarpaas, Olav; Elven, Reidar; Sandmark, Helge & Gederaas, Lisbeth (2019). Generic ecological impact assessment of alien species (GEIAA): the third generation of assessments in Norway. Biological Invasions.  ISSN 1387-3547.  21(9), s 2803- 2810 . doi: 10.1007/s10530-019-02033-6 Full text in Research Archive. Show summary

  The Generic Ecological Impact Assessment of Alien Species (GEIAA) is described. It comprises a set of criteria and an assessment procedure. The set of criteria consists of three criteria that quantify invasion potential, and six criteria that capture the ecological effects of alien species. The threshold values for all criteria are numerically defined, rendering the set of criteria fully quantitative. Genericity is ensured by using criteria that are applicable to all taxonomic groups and in all habitats. In being generic, quantitative, ecological and normatively neutral, the criteria were inspired by the international Red List criteria. Capturing both invasion potential and effect, GEIAA can be regarded as a full ecological impact assessment. The assessment procedure contains guidelines on documentation, the collection of background information, the handling of uncertainty, and quality assurance. GEIAA represents the second revision, and thus the third generation, of assessment methodology in Norway. It has recently been used to carry out more than 2500 impact assessments of alien species in Norway and Sweden.

• Støstad, Hanna Nyborg; Rowe, Melissah; Johnsen, Arild; Tomasek, Oldrich; Albrecht, Tomas & Lifjeld, Jan Terje (2019). Sperm head abnormalities are associated with excessive omega-6 fatty acids in two finch species feeding on sunflower seeds. Journal of Avian Biology.  ISSN 0908-8857.  50(3), s 1- 12 . doi: 10.1111/jav.02056
• Cramer, Emily Rebecca A; Rowe, Melissah; Eroukhmanoff, Fabrice; Lifjeld, Jan Terje; Sætre, Glenn-Peter & Johnsen, Arild (2019). Measuring sperm swimming performance in birds: effects of dilution, suspension medium, mechanical agitation, and sperm number. Journal of Ornithology = Journal fur Ornithologie.  ISSN 0021-8375.  s 1- 11 . doi: 10.1007/s10336-019-01672-9
• Sun, Zhenhua; Sokolova, Ekaterina; Brittain, John Edward; Saltveit, Svein Jakob; Rauch, Sébastien & Meland, Sondre (2019). Impact of environmental factors on aquatic biodiversity in roadside stormwater ponds. Scientific Reports.  ISSN 2045-2322.  9 . doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-42497-z Full text in Research Archive. Show summary

  Constructed stormwater ponds mitigate runoff volumes and pollution, and provide other ecosystem services, such as supporting biodiversity, but these services attracted relatively less attention. The impacts of the pollution levels in the water column and sediments, the physical characteristics of ponds, and the presence of amphibians on the macroinvertebrate community composition and biodiversity were explored in twelve stormwater ponds in Norway. Also, the similarities between macroinvertebrate, zooplankton and plant communities were explored. Most of the taxa displayed in the ordination diagram were positively correlated with the pond size and the number of neighbouring ponds, and negatively correlated with the pollution levels in the water column and sediments. However, no statistically significant impacts on the number of taxa and Shannon index were observed. There were low similarities between the macroinvertebrate and zooplankton community compositions as well as between the plant and macroinvertebrate community compositions in the stormwater ponds. We observed a significant positive correlation between the number of plant and of zooplankton taxa, and a weak non-significant positive correlation between the number of plant and of macroinvertebrate taxa. Overall, the explanatory variables had a significant impact on the community composition, but not on the number of taxa nor Shannon index.

• Støstad, Hanna Nyborg; Rowe, Melissah; Johnsen, Arild & Lifjeld, Jan Terje (2019). Sperm head abnormalities are more frequent in songbirds with more helical sperm: A possible trade-off in sperm evolution. Journal of Evolutionary Biology.  ISSN 1010-061X.  s 1- 9 . doi: 10.1111/jeb.13446
• Marki, Petter Zahl; Kennedy, Jonathan D.; Cooney, Christopher R.; Rahbek, Carsten & Fjeldså, Jon (2019). Adaptive radiation and the evolution of nectarivory in a large songbird clade. Evolution.  ISSN 0014-3820. . doi: 10.1111/evo.13734
• Folio, Dorinda Marie; Aars, Jon; Gimenez, Olivier; Derocher, Andrew E.; Wiig, Øystein & Cubaynes, Sarah (2019). How many cubs can a mum nurse? Maternal age and size influence litter size in polar bears. Biology Letters.  ISSN 1744-9561.  15(5), s 1- 5 . doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2019.0070
• Miara, Mohamed Djamel; Teixidor-Toneu, Irene; Sahnoun, Tahar; Bendif, Hamdi & Ait Hammou, Mohammed (2019). Herbal remedies and traditional knowledge of the Tuareg community in the region of Illizi (Algerian Sahara). Journal of Arid Environments.  ISSN 0140-1963.  167, s 65- 73 . doi: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2019.04.020
• Konecna, Veronika; Nowak, Michael & Kolár, Filip (2019). Parallel colonization of subalpine habitats in the central European mountains by Primula elatior. Scientific Reports.  ISSN 2045-2322.  9(1) . doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-39669-2
• Ballo, Eirik Magnus Gottschalk; Augland, Lars Eivind; Hammer, Øyvind & Svensen, Henrik (2019). A new age model for the Ordovician (Sandbian) K-bentonites in Oslo, Norway. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology.  ISSN 0031-0182.  520, s 203- 213 . doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.01.016
• Kistenich, Sonja Daniela; Bendiksby, Mika; Vairappan, Charles S.; Weerakoon, Gothamie; Wijesundara, Siril; Wolseley, Patricia & Timdal, Einar (2019). A regional study of the genus Phyllopsora (Ramalinaceae) in Asia and Melanesia. MycoKeys.  ISSN 1314-4057.  53, s 23- 72 . doi: 10.3897/mycokeys.53.33425 Full text in Research Archive.
• Ikenoue, Takahito; Bjørklund, Kjell Rasmus; Fujiwara, Amane; Uchimiya, Mario; Kimoto, Katsunori; Harada, Naomi & Nishino, Shigeto (2019). Horizontal and vertical distribution of polycystine radiolarians in the western Arctic Ocean during the late summers of 2013 and 2015. Polar Biology.  ISSN 0722-4060.  42(2), s 285- 305 . doi: 10.1007/s00300-018-2421-3
• Trønnes, Reidar G; Baron, Marzena Anna; Eigenmann, Katarina R.; Guren, Marthe Grønlie; Heyn, Björn Holger; Løken, Andreas & Mohn, Chris Erik (2019). Core formation, mantle differentiation and core-mantle interaction within Earth and the terrestrial planets.. Tectonophysics.  ISSN 0040-1951. . doi: 10.1016/j.tecto.2018.10.021 Full text in Research Archive.
• Delsett, Lene Liebe; Druckenmiller, Patrick Scott; Hammer, Øyvind; Hryniewicz, Krzysztof; Knutsen, Espen Madsen; Koevoets, Maayke Jacqueline; Nakrem, Hans Arne; Roberts, Aubrey Jane & Hurum, Jørn Harald (2019). Mesozoic marine reptiles from Spitsbergen and their ecosystems. Geology Today.  ISSN 0266-6979.  35(1), s 20- 25 . doi: 10.1111/gto.12256

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• Vollsnes, Ane Victoria; Røyne, Anja; Leira, Torkjell & Torgersen, Eivind (2019, 30. august). Regnskogene er ikke jordas lunger – så hvor kommer oksygenet vi puster fra?. [Tidsskrift].  titan.uio.no.
• Nielsen, Anders; Dolmen, Dag; Höglund, Jacob; Kausrud, Kyrre; Malmstrøm, Martin; Taugbøl, Annette; Vrålstad, Trude; Ytrehus, Bjørnar; de Boer, Hugo; Hindar, Kjetil; Kirkendall, Lawrence R.; Nilsen, Erlend Birkeland; Rueness, Eli Knispel & Velle, Gaute (2019). Assessment of the risk to Norwegian biodiversity from the pathogenic fungi Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal). Opinion of the Panel on Alien Organisms and Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment. VKM Report. 2019:4. Full text in Research Archive.

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