Publications from the museum

• Karlsen, Krister Stræte; Conrad, Clinton Phillips; Domeier, Mathew & Trønnes, Reidar G (2021). Spatiotemporal Variations in Surface Heat Loss Imply a Heterogeneous Mantle Cooling History. Geophysical Research Letters.  ISSN 0094-8276.  48(6) . doi: 10.1029/2020GL092119 Show summary

  Earth's heat budget is strongly influenced by spatial and temporal variations in surface heat flow caused by plate tectonic cycles. Here, we use a novel set of paleo‐seafloor age grids extending back to the mid‐Paleozoic to infer spatiotemporal variations in surface heat loss. The time‐averaged oceanic heat flow is 36.6 TW, or ∼25% greater than at present‐day. Our thermal budget for the mantle indicates that 149 K/Gyr of cooling occurred over this period, consistent with geochemical estimates of mantle cooling for the past 1 Gyr. Our analysis also suggests sustained rapid cooling of the Pacific mantle hemisphere, which may have cooled ∼50 K more than its African counterpart since 400 Ma. The extra heat released from the Pacific mantle may have been trapped there by the earlier long‐lived supercontinent Rodinia (∼1.1–0.7 Ga), and the Pacific mantle may still be hotter than the African mantle today.

• Heggenes, Jan; Stickler, Morten; Alfredsen, Knut; Brittain, John Edward; Adeva Bustos, Ana & Huusko, Ari (2021). Hydropower-driven thermal changes, biological responses and mitigating measures in northern river systems. Rivers Research and Applications: an international journal devoted to river research and management.  ISSN 1535-1459.  s 1- 23 . doi: 10.1002/rra.3788 Full text in Research Archive.
• Wall, Jeffrey; Teixidor Toneu, Irene & Dafni, Amots (2020). Sweetness and Loss: An Urgent Call for Affiliative Modes of Living. Journal of Ethnobiology.  ISSN 0278-0771.  40(3), s 283- 288 . doi: 10.2993/0278-0771-40.3.283
• Spirin, Viacheslav; Malysheva, Vera; Mendes-Alvarenga, Renato Lucio; Kotiranta, Heikki & Larsson, Karl-Henrik (2020). Studies in basidiodendron eyrei and similar-looking taxa (Auriculariales, basidiomycota). Botany.  ISSN 1916-2790.  98(11), s 623- 638 . doi: 10.1139/cjb-2020-0045
• Anlaş, Si̇Nan & Gusarov, Vladimir (2020). Two new species of the genus leptobium casey from western anatolia, turkey (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae). Journal of Insect Biodiversity (JIB).  ISSN 2538-1318.  14(2), s 40- 46 . doi: 10.12976/jib/2020.14.2.2
• dos Santos Chikowski, Renata; Larsson, Karl-Henrik & Gibertoni, Tatiana Baptista (2020). Taxonomic novelties in Trechispora (Trechisporales, Basidiomycota) from Brazil. Mycological Progress.  ISSN 1617-416X.  19(12), s 1403- 1414 . doi: 10.1007/s11557-020-01635-y
• Hernández-Almeida, Iván; Bjørklund, Kjell Rasmus; Diz, Paula; Kruglikova, Svetlana B.; Ikenoue, Takahito; Matul, Alexander G.; Saavedra-Pellitero, M. & Swanberg, N. (2020). Life on the ice-edge: Paleoenvironmental significance of the radiolarian species Amphimelissa setosa in the northern hemisphere. Quaternary Science Reviews.  ISSN 0277-3791.  248, s 1- 17 . doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106565
• Franeck, Franziska & Liow, Lee Hsiang (2020). Did hard substrate taxa diversify prior to the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event?. Palaeontology.  ISSN 0031-0239.  63(4), s 675- 687 . doi: 10.1111/pala.12489
• da Costa Carneiro, Diana Elisa; Czirják, Gábor Árpád & Rowe, Melissah (2020). Innate and adaptive immune proteins in the preen gland secretions of male house sparrows. Journal of Avian Biology.  ISSN 0908-8857.  51(11), s 1- 9 . doi: 10.1111/jav.02556 Full text in Research Archive.
• Lippold, Anna; Aars, Jon; Andersen, Magnus; Aubail, Aurore; Derocher, Andrew E.; Dietz, Rune; Eulaers, Igor; Sonne, Christian; Welker, Jeffrey Martin; Wiig, Øystein & Routti, Heli Anna Irmeli (2020). Two decades of mercury concentrations in Barents Sea polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in relation to dietary carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen. Environmental Science and Technology.  ISSN 0013-936X.  54(12), s 7388- 7397 . doi: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01848
• Park, Kyu-Tek; Koo, Jun-Mo; Agassiz, David J.L. & Aarvik, Leif (2020). A taxonomic review of the Afrotropical genus Dragmatucha Meyrick, 1908 (Lepidoptera, Gelechioidea, Lecithoceridae, Torodorinae), with descriptions of eleven new species. Zootaxa.  ISSN 1175-5326.  4786(2), s 151- 175 . doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.4786.2.1 Full text in Research Archive.
• Rueness, Eli Knispel; Asmyhr, Maria Gulbrandsen; de Boer, Hugo; Eldegard, Katrine; Hindar, Kjetil; Hole, Lars Robert; Järnegren, Johanna; Kausrud, Kyrre Linné; Kirkendall, Lawrence Richard; Måren, Inger Elisabeth; Nilsen, Erlend Birkeland; Thorstad, Eva Bonsak; Velle, Gaute & Nielsen, Anders (2020). Status and trade assessment of parrots listed in CITES Appendix I. Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Alien Organisms and trade in endangered species (CITES) of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment. VKM Report.  ISSN 2535-4019.  2020(15), s 1- 129 Full text in Research Archive. Show summary

  Key words: Psittaciformes, CITES, Appendix I parrots, Status and trade assessment, Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment, Norwegian Environment Agency, VKM Background: Parrots are one of the most species-rich groups of birds of which the majority inhabits tropical and subtropical forests. Nearly one-third of parrots are threatened with extinction (IUCN categories CR, EN or VU) and more than half of the world’s parrot species are assumed to be decreasing in numbers. Parrots are popular pets on all continents, mainly due to their colourful feathers, their capacity to mimic the human voice, and their tolerance to life in captivity. More than 250 species have been traded internationally. Since the inception of CITES in 1975, trade of about 12 million live wild-sourced parrots has been registered. Currently, 55 parrot species are listed on CITES Appendix I (Norwegian CITES regulation list A) that includes the most endangered among CITES-listed animals and plants. In compliance with CITES, Norway only permits import for commercial purposes of Appendix I listed parrots bred in captivity in operations included in the Secretariat's Register (Resolution Conf. 12.10 (Rev. CoP15). Presently, 9 of the Appendix I parrot species are bred in such facilities. Import of Appendix I species to Norway requires permits both from the exporter’s CITES authority and the Norwegian Environment Agency (Norwegian CITES Management Authority). All legal transactions of CITES Appendix I listed species should be recorded in the UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC) Trade Database. However, discrepancies are common, demonstrating that the trade monitoring is not accurate. Moreover, several studies suggest that regardless of efforts to regulate trade, the global conservation situation for parrots may be worse than estimated by the IUCN species statuses. Even though habitat loss is the main threat to most parrot species, it has been suggested that priority should be given to conservation actions aimed at reducing the illegal capture of wild parrots for the pet trade. As Norway’s CITES Scientific Authority, the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment (VKM) was assigned by the Norwegian Environment Agency to assess the status of populations and trade for Appendix I parrot species. Methods: As different trade patterns are typical for different geographic regions, the species were initially divided into three groups: Africa, Australasia and Central and South America. For species with commercial trade registered in the UNEP-WCMC trade database after year 2010 a full assessment was made. In addition, two species for which negative impact from illegal trade is suspected were also fully assessed. The assessments are based on the Norwegian Cites Regulation and Article III of the Convention and Resolution 16.7(Rev.CoP17). Information on the parrot species assessed in this report were gathered from the text accounts published by BirdLife International and Birds of the World as well as literature cited in the text. Results: VKM undertook full assessments of the population status and trade for 26 of the 55 CITES Appendix I species. The species assessments are presented as fact sheets. They each contain a brief summary of the species’ biology (name, taxonomy, distribution, life history, habitat and role in ecosystem), populations and trends, threats and conservation status, population surveillance and regulations, evaluation of legal/illegal trapping and trade, overall assessment of data quality and references. We found that the quantity, as well as quality, of the information available for the Appendix I parrot species varied much. This was the case for data on general biology, population size and trends and levels of illegal trade. For all of the 23 of species for which commercial trade was registered since 2010 in the UNEP-WCMC trade database discrepancies ........

• Rueness, Eli Knispel; Asmyhr, Maria Gulbrandsen; de Boer, Hugo; Eldegard, Katrine; Hole, Lars Robert; Hindar, Kjetil; Järnegren, Johanna; Kausrud, Kyrre Linné; Kirkendall, Lawrence Richard; Måren, Inger Elisabeth; Nilsen, Erlend Birkeland; Nielsen, Anders; Thorstad, Eva Bonsak & Velle, Gaute (2020). A CITES risk assessment for polar bear (Ursus maritimus). Opinion of the Panel on alien organisms and trade in endangered species (CITES) of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment. VKM Report.  ISSN 2535-4019.  2020(06), s 1- 85 Show summary

  Key words: Ursus maritimus, CITES, polar bear, Non-Detriment Finding, Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment, Norwegian Environment Agency, VKM Background: Canada is the only nation in the world that allows commercial export of polar bear products harvested from its own wild populations. Norway is among the destinations for exported material. Polar bears are listed on CITES appendix II and on list B of the Norwegian CITES Regulation. Import of harvested polar bears to Norway requires both export permits from the Canadian CITES authorities and import permits from the Norwegian Environment Agency. Consequently, a Non-Detriment Finding (NDF) is mandated and was commissioned by the Norwegian Environment Agency (Norwegian Management Authority for CITES) to the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment (VKM) (Norway’s CITES Scientific Authority). The NDF is a scientific risk assessment evaluating whether or not international trade can be detrimental to the survival of polar bears. The risk assessment may also be used by the Norwegian Environment Agency to assess whether the polar bears should be placed on Norwegian CITES list A. Currently, the IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group (PBSG) recognizes 19 subpopulations of polar bears in the circumpolar Arctic, of which 13 reside wholly (9) or partly (4) in Canada. Together, these 13 populations account for about two thirds of the world’s total polar bear population. This risk assessment considers the populations that are within the hunting areas. Methods: VKM has reviewed current knowledge about polar bear biological characteristics, population status and trends in subpopulations. Scenarios for the future development of the Arctic environment, to which the species is inextricably adapted, are presented. Habitat loss due to declining sea ice is widely recognized as the main threat to polar bears, and this, as well as other obstacles to the species survival, has been evaluated. The various legislations, regulations and monitoring regimes of the range countries are briefly summarised. Moreover, international trade in polar bear products has been analysed. VKM has further undertaken an assessment of data quality and uncertainties. In order to gain access to the most recent information on polar bear biology and management, four scientists from the PBSG were interviewed and the transcripts of the interviews (with consent from the hearing experts) are attached to this report. Results: The best scientific knowledge available for polar bears in Canada suggests that four subpopulations are in decline, two are stable, and one is increasing, while the population trends for the remaining subpopulations are unknown. Noteworthy, all the estimates of population size are highly uncertain. Survey methods also changed between the 2008 and 2018 population estimates used for quota setting. Moreover, data are in most areas collected too infrequently to detect rapid changes in population size. Particularly, under changing environmental conditions. The prognosis for the Arctic marine environment points towards continuing habitat loss and inevitably further decline for the polar bear population. Analyses of data from the CITES trade database reveal a dynamic international market for polar bear products with significant changes in destination countries and the purpose for transactions. The United States was the main importer of polar bear products, mainly hunting trophies, until listing the polar bear as a threatened species in 2008. In more recent years, China has become the major importer, with hides being the preferred product. Simultaneously with these changes, there has been a significant increase in the price of polar bear hides. Conclusion: Several polar bear subpopulations are in decline. Predictions of continuing habitat loss points to further decline. While not the main threat to polar bear survival, international trade .......

• Huemer, Peter; Karsholt, Ole; Aarvik, Leif; Berggren, Kai; Bidzilya, Oleksiy; Junnilainen, Jari; Landry, Jean-François; Mutanen, Marko; Nupponen, Kari; Segerer, Andreas H.; Šumpich, Jan; Wieser, Christian; Wiesmair, Benjamin & Hebert, Paul D. N. (2020). DNA barcode library for European gelechiidae (Lepidoptera) suggests greatly underestimated species diversity. ZooKeys.  ISSN 1313-2989.  2020(921), s 141- 157 . doi: 10.3897/zookeys.921.49199
• Laidre, Kristin L.; Atkinson, Stephen; Regehr, Eric V.; Stern, Harry; Born, Erik W.; Wiig, Øystein; Lunn, Nicholas J. & Dyck, Markus (2020). Interrelated ecological impacts of climate change on an apex predator. Ecological Applications.  ISSN 1051-0761.  30(4) . doi: 10.1002/eap.2071
• Das, Pratik Kumar; Mohn, Chris Erik; Brodholt, John Peter & Trønnes, Reidar G (2020). High pressure silica phase transitions: Implications for deep mantle dynamics and silica crystallization in the protocore. American Mineralogist.  ISSN 0003-004X.  105, s 1014- 1020 . doi: 10.2138/am-2020-7299 Full text in Research Archive.
• Bray, Rodney A.; Waeschenbach, Andrea; Littlewood, D. Timothy J.; Halvorsen, Odd & Olsen, Peter D (2020). Molecular circumscription of new species of Gyrocotyle Diesing, 1850 (Cestoda) from deep-sea chimaeriform holocephalans in the North Atlantic. Systematic Parasitology.  ISSN 0165-5752.  97, s 285- 296 . doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-020-09912-w Full text in Research Archive.
• Teixeira-Santos, Juliana; da Cunha Ribeiro, Ana Carolina; Wiig, Øystein; Pinto, Nelson Silva; Cantanhêde, Lorrane Gabrielle; Sena, Leonardo & Mendes-Oliveira, Ana Cristina (2020). Environmental factors influencing the abundance of four species of threatened mammals in degraded habitats in the eastern Brazilian Amazon. PLOS ONE.  ISSN 1932-6203.  15(2), s 1- 16 . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229459
• Janssens, Steven B.; Couvreur, Thomas L.P.; Mertens, Arne; Dauby, Gilles; Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J.; Abeele, Samuel Vanden; Vandelook, Filip; Mascarello, Maurizio; Beeckman, Hans; Sosef, Marc; Droissart, Vincent; van der Bank, Michelle; Maurin, Olivier; Hawthorne, William; Marshall, Cicely; Réjou-Méchain, Maxime; Beina, Denis; Baya, Fidèle; Merckx, Vincent S.F.T.; Verstraete, Brecht & Hardy, Olivier J. (2020). A large-scale species level dated angiosperm phylogeny for evolutionary and ecological analyses. Biodiversity Data Journal.  ISSN 1314-2836.  8, s 1- 23 . doi: 10.3897/BDJ.8.E39677

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• Gradstein, Felix; Ogg, J.G.; Schmitz, Mark D & Ogg, Gabi (ed.) (2020). Geologic Time Scale 2020. Elsevier.  ISBN 978-0-12-824360-2.  1280 s.

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