Publications from the museum

• Jakobsen, Jarle; Babigumira, Ronnie; Danielsen, Marie; Grimsrud, Tom Kristian; Olsen, Raymond; Rosting, Cecilie; Veierød, Marit Bragelien & Kjærheim, Kristina (2020). Work conditions and practices in Norwegian Fire Departments From 1950 until today. A Survey on factors potentially influencing carcinogen exposure. SH@W Safety and Health at Work.  ISSN 2093-7911. . doi: 10.1016/j.shaw.2020.07.004 Show summary

  Background Meta-analyses have shown firefighters to be at an increased risk of several cancer types. Occupational carcinogen exposure may explain these increased risks. This study aims to describe Norwegian fire departments' work conditions from 1950 until today, focusing on factors relevant for potential occupational carcinogen exposure. Methods With the help of a reference group, we developed a questionnaire on topics related to occupational exposure to carcinogens for the period 1950–2018. Selected Norwegian fire departments provided department-specific responses. Results Sixteen departments, providing fire services for 48% of the Norwegian population as of 2019 and mainly consisting of professional firefighters, responded to our questionnaire. The introduction of synthetic firefighting foams, more regular live fire training, the introduction of chemical diving, and a higher number of diesel-driven fire service vehicles were identified as changes thought to increase exposure to occupational carcinogens. Changes thought to decrease exposure included the switch from negative to positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatuses, the use of self-contained breathing apparatuses during all phases of firefighting, the use of ventilating fans during firefighting, increased attention to flammable materials used during live fire training, increased attention to handling and cleaning of turnout gear and other equipment, and installment of exhaust removal systems in apparatus bays. Conclusion Norwegian fire departments' work conditions have seen several changes since 1950, and this could influence firefighters' occupational carcinogen exposure. A peak of carcinogen exposure may have occurred in the 1970s and 1980s before recent changes have reduced exposure.

• Hurley, Laura; Rowe, Melissah & Griffith, Simon (2020). Reproductive coordination breeds success: the importance of the partnership in avian sperm biology. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology.  ISSN 0340-5443.  74(1) . doi: 10.1007/s00265-019-2782-9
• Sävilammi, Tiina; Papakostas, Spiros; Leder, Erica; Vøllestad, Leif Asbjørn; Debes, Paul V. & Primmer, Craig R. (2020). Cytosine methylation patterns suggest a role of methylation in plastic and adaptive responses to temperature in European grayling (Thymallus thymallus) populations. Epigenetics.  ISSN 1559-2294.  s 1- 19 . doi: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1795597
• Leder, Erica; André, Carl; Le Moan, Alan; Töpel, Mats; Blomberg, Anders; Havenhand, Jon; Lindström, Kai; Volckaert, Filip A.M.; Kvarnemo, Charlotta; Johannesson, Kerstin & Svensson, Ola (2020). Post-glacial establishment of locally adapted fish populations over a steep salinity gradient. Journal of Evolutionary Biology.  ISSN 1010-061X.  s 1- 19 . doi: 10.1111/jeb.13668
• Wetherbee, Ross Thompson; Birkemoe, Tone; Skarpaas, Olav & Sverdrup-Thygeson, Anne (2020). Hollow oaks and beetle functional diversity: Significance of surroundings extends beyond taxonomy. Ecology and Evolution.  ISSN 2045-7758.  10(2), s 819- 831 . doi: 10.1002/ece3.5940
• Sunde, Øyvind; Friis, Henrik; Andersen, Tom; Trumbull, Robert; Wiedenbeck, Michael; Lyckberg, Peter; Agostini, Samuele; Casey, William H. & Yu, Ping (2020). Boron isotope composition of coexisting tourmaline and hambergite in alkaline and granitic pegmatites. Lithos.  ISSN 0024-4937.  352-353 . doi: 10.1016/j.lithos.2019.105293 Full text in Research Archive.
• Sandvik, Hanno; Hilmo, Olga; Henriksen, Snorre; Elven, Reidar; Åsen, Per Arvid; Hegre, Hanne; Pedersen, Oddvar; Pedersen, Per Anker; Solstad, Heidi; Vandvik, Vigdis; Westergaard, Kristine Bakke; Ødegaard, Frode; Åström, Sandra Charlotte Helene; Elven, Hallvard; Endrestøl, Anders; Gammelmo, Øivind; Hatteland, Bjørn Arild; Solheim, Halvor; Nordén, Björn; Sundheim, Leif; Talgø, Venche; Falkenhaug, Tone; Gulliksen, Bjørn; Jelmert, Anders; Oug, Eivind; Sundet, Jan Henry; Forsgren, Elisabet; Finstad, Anders Gravbrøt; Hesthagen, Trygve H.; Nedreaas, Kjell Harald; Wienerroither, Rupert; Husa, Vivian; Fredriksen, Stein; Sjøtun, Kjersti; Steen, Henning; Hansen, Haakon; Hamnes, Inger Sofie; Karlsbakk, Egil; Magnusson, Christer; Ytrehus, Bjørnar; Pedersen, Hans Christian; Swenson, Jon; Syvertsen, Per Ole; Stokke, Bård Gunnar; Gjershaug, Jan Ove; Dolmen, Dag; Kjærstad, Gaute; Johnsen, Stein Ivar; Jensen, Thomas Correll; Hassel, Kristian & Gederaas, Lisbeth (2020). Alien species in Norway: results from quantitative ecological impact assessments. Ecological Solutions and Evidence.  ISSN 2688-8319.  1(1) . doi: 10.1002/2688-8319.12006 Full text in Research Archive. Show summary

  1. Due to globalisation, trade and transport, the spread of alien species is increasing dramatically. Some alien species become ecologically harmful by threatening native biota. This can lead to irreversible changes in local biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, and, ultimately, to biotic homogenisation. 2. We risk-assessed all alien plants, animals, fungi and algae, within certain delimitations, that are known to reproduce in Norway. Mainland Norway and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard plus Jan Mayen were treated as separate assessment areas. Assessments followed the Generic Ecological Impact Assessment of Alien Species (GEIAA) protocol, which uses a fully quantitative set of criteria. 3. A total of 1519 species were risk-assessed, of which 1183 were species reproducing in mainland Norway. Among these, 9% were assessed to have a severe impact, 7% high impact, 7% potentially high impact, and 49% low impact, whereas 29% had no known impact. In Svalbard, 16 alien species were reproducing, one of which with a severe impact. 4. The impact assessments also covered 319 so-called door-knockers, i.e. species that are likely to establish in Norway within 50 years, and 12 regionally alien species. Of the door-knockers, 8% and 10% were assessed to have a severe and high impact, respectively. 5. The impact category of most species was driven by negative interactions with native species, transformation of threatened ecosystems, or genetic contamination. The proportion of alien species with high or severe impact varied significantly across the different pathways of introduction, taxonomic groups, time of introduction, and the environments colonised, but not across continents of origin. 6. Given the large number of alien species reproducing in Norway and the preponderance of species with low impact, it is neither realistic nor necessary to eradicate all of them. Our results can guide management authorities in two ways. First, the use of quantitative assessment criteria facilitates the prioritisation of management resources across species. Second, the background information collected for each species, such as introduction pathways, area of occupancy and ecosystems affected, helps designing appropriate management measures.

• Rowe, Melissah; Veerus, Liisa; Trosvik, Pål; Buckling, Angus & Pizzari, Tommaso (2020). The reproductive microbiome: An emerging driver of sexual selection, sexual conflict, mating systems, and reproductive isolation. Trends in Ecology & Evolution.  ISSN 0169-5347.  35(3), s 220- 234 . doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2019.11.004
• Sonne, Christian; Letcher, Robert J; Jenssen, Bjørn Munro; Desforges, Jean-Pierre; Eulaers, Igor; Andersen-Ranberg, Emilie; Gustavson, Kim; Bossi, Rossana; Styrishave, Bjarne; Sinding, Mikkel Holger Strander & Dietz, Rune (2020). Sled dogs as sentinel species for monitoring Arctic ecosystem health, In M. R. Pastorinho & A. C. A. Sousa (ed.),  Pets as Sentinels, Forecasters and Promoters of Human Health.  Springer Nature.  ISBN 978-3030307332.  Chapter 2.  s 21 - 45
• Husdal, Tomas; Grey, Ian; Friis, Henrik; Dal Bo, Fabrice; Kampf, Anthony R.; MacRae, Colin M.; Mumme, WG; Ljøstad, Ole Thorstein & Shanks, Finlay (2020). Halilsarpite, a new arsenate analogue of walentaite, from the Oumlil mine, Bou Azzer district, Morocco. European journal of mineralogy.  ISSN 0935-1221.  32(1), s 89- 98 . doi: doi.org/10.5194/ejm-32-89-2020 Full text in Research Archive.
• Spirin, Viacheslav; Malysheva, Vera; Miettinen, Otto; Vlasák, Josef; Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes; Gibertoni, Tatiana Baptista; Ryvarden, Leif & Larsson, Karl-Henrik (2019). On Protomerulius and Heterochaetella (Auriculariales, Basidiomycota). Mycological progress.  ISSN 1617-416X.  18(9), s 1079- 1099 . doi: 10.1007/s11557-019-01507-0 Full text in Research Archive.
• Koevoets, Maayke Jacqueline; Hammer, Øyvind & Little, Crispin T.S. (2019). Palaeoecology and palaeoenvironments of the Middle Jurassic to lowermost Cretaceous Agardhfjellet Formation (Bathonian–Ryazanian), Spitsbergen, Svalbard. Norwegian Journal of Geology.  ISSN 2387-5844.  99(1), s 17- 40 . doi: 10.17850/njg99-1-02
• Malysheva, Vera; Spirin, Viacheslav; Miettinen, Otto; Kout, J; Savchenko, Anton & Larsson, Karl-Henrik (2019). On Craterocolla and Ditangium (Sebacinales, Basidiomycota). Mycological progress.  ISSN 1617-416X.  18(5), s 753- 762 . doi: 10.1007/s11557-019-01485-3
• Kennedy, Jonathan D.; Marki, Petter Zahl; Fjeldså, Jon & Rahbek, Carsten (2019). The association between morphological and ecological characters across a global passerine radiation. Journal of Animal Ecology.  ISSN 0021-8790. . doi: 10.1111/1365-2656.13169

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• Teixidor Toneu, Irene & Kool, Anneleen (2020). Se en plante!. Natural History Museum of Oslo.  ISBN 978-82-7970-110-1.  13 s.

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• Timmermann, Volkmar; Andreassen, Kjell; Beachell, Andreas Myki; Børja, Isabella; Brurberg, May Bente; Clarke, Nicholas; Halvorsen, Rune; Hylen, Gro; Jepsen, Jane Uhd; Perminow, Juliana; Solberg, Sverre; Solheim, Halvor; Talgø, Venche; Tollefsrud, Mari Mette; Vindstad, Ole Petter Laksforsmo; Økland, Bjørn; Økland, Tonje & Aas, Wenche (2020). Skogens helsetilstand i Norge. Resultater fra skogskadeovervåkingen i 2019. NIBIO Rapport. 119. Full text in Research Archive. Show summary

  Skogens helsetilstand påvirkes i stor grad av klima og værforhold, enten direkte ved tørke, frost og vind, eller indirekte ved at klimaet påvirker omfanget av soppsykdommer og insektangrep. Klimaendringene og den forventede økningen i klimarelaterte skogskader gir store utfordringer for forvaltningen av framtidas skogressurser. Det samme gjør invaderende skadegjørere, både allerede etablerte arter og nye som kan komme til Norge i nær framtid. I denne rapporten presenteres resultater fra skogskadeovervåkingen i Norge i 2019 og trender over tid.....

• Sandvik, Hanno; Hilmo, Olga; Henriksen, Snorre; Elven, Reidar; Åsen, Per Arvid; Hegre, Hanne; Pedersen, Oddvar; Pedersen, Per Anker; Solstad, Heidi; Vandvik, Vigdis; Westergaard, Kristine Bakke; Ødegaard, Frode; Åström, Sandra Charlotte Helene; Elven, Hallvard; Endrestøl, Anders; Gammelmo, Øivind; Hatteland, Bjørn Arild; Solheim, Halvor; Nordén, Björn; Sundheim, Leif; Talgø, Venche; Falkenhaug, Tone; Gulliksen, Bjørn; Jelmert, Anders; Oug, Eivind; Sundet, Jan Henry; Forsgren, Elisabet; Finstad, Anders Gravbrøt; Hesthagen, Trygve H.; Nedreaas, Kjell Harald; Wienerroither, Rupert; Husa, Vivian; Fredriksen, Stein; Sjøtun, Kjersti; Steen, Henning; Hansen, Haakon; Hamnes, Inger Sofie; Karlsbakk, Egil; Magnusson, Christer; Ytrehus, Bjørnar; Pedersen, Hans Christian; Swenson, Jon; Syvertsen, Per Ole; Stokke, Bård Gunnar; Gjershaug, Jan Ove; Dolmen, Dag; Kjærstad, Gaute; Johnsen, Stein Ivar; Jensen, Thomas Correll; Hassel, Kristian & Gederaas, Lisbeth (2020). Data from: Ecological impact assessments of alien species in Norway. [www ].
• Rueness, Eli Knispel; Asmyhr, Maria Gulbrandsen; de Boer, Hugo; Eldegard, Katrine; Hole, Lars Robert; Hindar, Kjetil; Järnegren, Johanna; Kausrud, Kyrre; Kirkendall, Lawrence R.; Måren, Inger Elisabeth; Nilsen, Erlend Birkeland; Nielsen, Anders; Thorstad, Eva Bonsak & Velle, Gaute (2020). A CITES Risk assessment for polar bear (Ursus maritimus). Opinion of the Panel on Alien Organisms and Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment. VKM Report. 06. Show summary

  Background: Canada is the only nation in the world that allows commercial export of polar bear products harvested from its own wild populations. Norway is among the destinations for exported material. Polar bears are listed on CITES appendix II and on list B of the Norwegian CITES Regulation. Import of harvested polar bears to Norway requires both export permits from the Canadian CITES authorities and import permits from the Norwegian Environment Agency. Consequently, a Non-Detriment Finding (NDF) is mandated and was commissioned by the Norwegian Environment Agency (Norwegian Management Authority) to the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment (VKM) (Norway’s CITES Scientific Authority). The NDF is a scientific risk assessment evaluating whether or not international trade can be detrimental to the survival of polar bears. The risk assessment may also be used by the Norwegian Environment Agency to assess whether the polar bears should be placed on Norwegian CITES list A. Currently, the IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group (PBSG) recognizes 19 subpopulations of polar bears in the circumpolar Arctic, of which 13 reside wholly (9) or partly (4) in Canada. Together, these 13 populations account for about two thirds of the world’s total polar bear population. This risk assessment considers the populations that are within the hunting areas. Methods: VKM has reviewed current knowledge about polar bear biological characteristics, population status and trends in subpopulations. Scenarios for the future development of the Arctic environment, to which the species is inextricably adapted, are presented. Habitat loss due to declining sea ice is widely recognized as the main threat to polar bears, and this, as well as other obstacles to the species survival, has been evaluated. The various legislations, regulations and monitoring regimes of the range countries are briefly summarised. Moreover, international trade in polar bear products has been analysed. VKM has further undertaken an assessment of data quality and uncertainties. In order to gain access to the most recent information on polar bear biology and management, four scientists from the PBSG were interviewed and the transcripts of the interviews (with consent from the hearing experts) are attached to this report. Results: The best scientific knowledge available for polar bears in Canada suggests that four subpopulations are in decline, two are stable, and one is increasing, while the population trends for the remaining subpopulations are unknown. Noteworthy, all the estimates of population size are highly uncertain. Survey methods also changed between the 2008 and 2018 population estimates used for quota setting. Moreover, data are in most areas collected too infrequently to detect rapid changes in population size. Particularly, under changing environmental conditions. The prognosis for the Arctic marine environment points towards continuing habitat loss and inevitably further decline for the polar bear population.Key words: Ursus maritimus, CITES, polar bear, Non-Detriment Finding, Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment, Norwegian Environment Agency, VKM

• Teixidor Toneu, Irene (2020). Nordic People and Plants: Rediscovering and Safeguarding Nordic Ethnobotanical Knowledge.
• Hindar, Kjetil; Hole, Lars Robert; Kausrud, Kyrre; Malmstrøm, Martin; Rimstad, Espen; Robertson, Lucy; Sandlund, Odd Terje; Thorstad, Eva Bonsak; Vollset, Knut; de Boer, Hugo; Eldegard, Katrine; Järnegren, Nina Johanna; Kirkendall, Lawrence R.; Måren, Inger Elisabeth; Nielsen, Anders; Nilsen, Erlend Birkeland; Rueness, Eli Knispel & Velle, Gaute (2020). Assessment of the risk to Norwegian biodiversity and aquaculture from pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha). Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Alien Organisms and Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). VKM Report. 2020:01.

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