Publications from the museum

• Janicke, Tim; Marie-Orleach, Lucas; Aubier, Thomas G; Perrier, Charles & Morrow, Edward H. (2019). Assortative Mating in Animals and Its Role for Speciation. American Naturalist.  ISSN 0003-0147.  194(6), s 865- 875 . doi: 10.1086/705825
• Rydgren, Knut; Auestad, Inger; Halvorsen, Rune; Hamre, Liv Norunn; Jongejans, Eelke; Töpper, Joachim Paul & Sulavik, Jan (2019). Assessing restoration success by predicting time to recovery- But by which metric?. Journal of Applied Ecology.  ISSN 0021-8901. . doi: 10.1111/1365-2664.13526 Show summary

  1. Restoration of degraded ecosystems may take decades or even centuries. Accordingly, information about the current direction and speed of recovery provided by methods for predicting time to recovery may give important feedback to restoration schemes. While predictions of time to recovery have so far been based mostly upon change in species richness and other univariate predictors, the novel ordination-regression based approach (ORBA) affords a multivariate approach based upon species compositional change. 2. We used species composition data from four alpine spoil heaps in western Norway, recorded at three time points, to predict time to recovery using ORBA. This approach uses distances between restored plots and reference plots along a successional gradient, represented by a vector in ordination space, to model linear or asymptotic relationships of compositional change as a function of time. Results from ORBA were compared with results from models of more generic univariate attributes, that is total cover, species richness and properties of the physical environment as functions of time. 3. ORBA predictions of time to species compositional recovery varied from less than 60 years with linear models to 115–212 years with asymptotic models. The long estimated time to recovery suggests that the restoration schemes adopted for these spoil heaps are likely to be suboptimal. 4. Much shorter time to recovery was predicted from some of the more generic univariate attributes, that is species richness and total cover, than from species composition. Given the current rates of recovery, most spoil heaps will reach reference levels for total cover and species richness within 50 years, whereas predictions indicate that 67–111 years are needed to restore levels of soil organic matter and pH. 5. Synthesis and applications. Species composition and soil conditions provide information of generally higher relevance for evaluation of ecosystem recovery processes than the most commonly used metric to assess restoration success, species richness. Species richness is decoupled from species compositional recovery, and likely to be a generally poor measure of restoration success. We therefore encourage further improvement of methods like the ordination-regression based approach that use species compositional data to predict time to recovery. ORBA, Ordination-Regression Based Approach, restoration ecology, soil conditions, species composition, species richness, spoil heaps, time to recovery

• Jochmann, Malte Michel; Augland, Lars Eivind; Lenz, Olaf; Bieg, Gerd; Haugen, Turid; Grundvåg, Sten-Andreas; Jelby, Mads E.; Midtkandal, Ivar; Dolezych, Martina & Hjálmarsdóttir, Hanna Rósa (2019). Sylfjellet: a new outcrop of the Paleogene Van Mijenfjorden Group in Svalbard. Arktos.  ISSN 2364-9453.  s 1- 22 . doi: 10.1007/s41063-019-00072-w Full text in Research Archive. Show summary

  A hitherto unrecognized Paleogene outcrop has been discovered at Sylfjellet, a mountain located at the northern side of Isfjorden, Svalbard. The strata, which cover an area of 0.8 km2, have until now been assigned to the Lower Cretaceous succession of the Adventdalen Group. In this study, the Sylfjellet site was studied in detail to provide an updated structural and sedimentological description of strata and lithostratigraphy. The age and burial history of the investigated succession were constrained by absolute (U/PB) and relative dating methods in addition to vitrinite reflectance analyses of coal seams. The results show a Paleogene age of the deposits, which is supported by the occurrence of an angiosperm pollen grain, plant macrofossils, and a tephra layer of early Selandian age (61.53 Ma). The 250 m-thick succession of Sylfjellet is assigned to the Firkanten, Basilika and Grumantbyen formations. This succession unconformably overlies the Lower Cretaceous Helvetiafjellet Formation. Sylfjellet is incorporated into the West Spitsbergen Fold-and-Thrust Belt and interpreted to be a fourth structural outlier of the Van Mijenfjorden Group. Vitrinite reflectance data indicate that at least 2000 m overburden has been eroded above the Sylfjellet coal seams, and that maximum burial of the strata predates folding and thrusting in the area.

• Ameen, Carly; Feuerborn, Tatiana R.; Brown, Sarah K.; Linderholm, Anna; Hulme-Beaman, Ardern; Lebrasseur, Ophelie; Sinding, Mikkel Holger Strander; Lounsberry, Zachary T.; Lin, Audrey T.; Appelt, Martin; Bachmann, Lutz; Betts, Matthew; Britton, Kate; Darwent, John; Dietz, Rune; Fredholm, Merethe; Gopalakrishnan, Shyam; Goruinova, Olga I.; Grønnow, Bjarne; Haile, James; Hallsson, Jón Hallsteinn; Harrison, Ramona; Heide-Jørgensen, Mads-Peter; Knecht, Rick; Losey, Robert J.; Masson-MacLean, Edouard; McGovern, Thomas H.; McMagnus-Fry, Ellen; Meldgaard, Morten; Midtdal, Åslaug; Moss, Madonna L.; Nomokonova, Tatiana; Palsdottir, Albina Hulda; Perri, Angela; Popov, Aleksandr N.; Rankin, Lisa; Reuther, Joshua D.; Sablin, Mikhail V.; Schmidt, Anne Lisbeth; Shirar, Scott; Smiarowski, Konrad; Sonne, Christian; Stiner, Mary C.; Vasyukov, Mitya; West, Catherine F.; Ween, Gro Birgit; Wennerberg, Sanne Eline; Wiig, Øystein; Woollett, James; Dalén, Love; Hansen, Anders J.; Gilbert, Marcus Thomas Pius; Sacks, Benjamin N; Frantz, Laurent A.F.; Larson, Greger; Dobney, Keith; Darwent, Christyann M. & Evin, Allowen (2019). Specialized sledge dogs accompanied Inuit dispersal across the North American Arctic. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences.  ISSN 0962-8452.  286(1916) . doi: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1929
• Brown, John W.; Aarvik, Leif; Heikkila, Maria; Brown, Richard & Mutanen, Marko (2019). A molecular phylogeny of Cochylina, with confirmation of its relationship to Euliina (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Systematic Entomology.  ISSN 0307-6970.  s 1- 15 . doi: 10.1111/syen.12385
• Miara, Mohamed Djamel; Bendif, Hamdi; Ouabed, Asmahane; Rebbas, Khellaf; Ait Hammou, Mohammed; Amirat, Mokhtar; Greene, Alex & Teixidor-Toneu, Irene (2019). Ethnoveterinary remedies used in the Algerian steppe: Exploring the relationship with traditional human herbal medicine. Journal of Ethnopharmacology.  ISSN 0378-8741.  244, s 1- 13 . doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112164
• Mendes Alvarenga, Renato Lucio; Spirin, Viacheslav; Malysheva, Vera; Gibertoni, Tatiana Baptista & Larsson, Karl-Henrik (2019). Two new genera and six other novelties in Heterochaete sensu lato (Auriculariales, basidiomycota). Botany.  ISSN 1916-2790.  97(8), s 439- 451 . doi: 10.1139/cjb-2019-0046
• Grond, Joost; Piecha, Magdalena; Hahn, Christoph; Wiig, Øystein & Bachmann, Lutz (2019). Mitochondrial genomes of ancient bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) from Svalbard. Mitochondrial DNA Part B: Resources.  ISSN 2380-2359.  4(2), s 4152- 4154 . doi: 10.1080/23802359.2019.1693284 Show summary

  The endangered Spitsbergen stock of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) has once been large with up to estimated 100,000 individuals. Genetic diversity of the extant Spitsbergen stock is unknown. We present 10 complete mitochondrial genomes of heterochronous ancient bowhead whale samples from Svalbard (14C age estimate range: 215–8885years) obtained via NGS of total genomic DNA extracts. The ten mitogenomes differed by nucleotide substitutions and/or indels, and there was a total of 160 variable positions. The average nucleotide diversity was p 1⁄4 0.0029. There was no statistically significant correlation between genetic divergence and time.

• Nilsson, Rolf Henrik; Larsson, Karl-Henrik; Taylor, Andy F. S.; Bengtsson-Palme, Johan; Jeppesen, Thomas S.; Schigel, Dmitry; Kennedy, Peter; Picard, Kathryn; Glöckner, Frank Oliver; Tedersoo, Leho; Saar, Irja; Kõljalg, Urmas & Abarenkov, Kessy (2019). The UNITE database for molecular identification of fungi: Handling dark taxa and parallel taxonomic classifications. Nucleic Acids Research.  ISSN 0305-1048.  47(1), s D259- D264 . doi: 10.1093/nar/gky1022
• Hjálmarsdóttir, Hanna Rósa (2019). Quantitative biostratigraphy of Middle Jurassic – Early Cretaceous foraminiferal events from the Arctic. Revue de Micropaleontologie.  ISSN 0035-1598.  64, s 1- 22 . doi: 10.1016/j.revmic.2019.05.002
• Calhim, Sara; Pruett-Jones, Stephen; Webster, Michael S & Rowe, Melissah (2019). Asymmetries in reproductive anatomy: insights from promiscuous songbirds. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society.  ISSN 0024-4066.  128(3), s 569- 582 . doi: 10.1093/biolinnean/blz100
• Vollering, Julien; Halvorsen, Rune & Mazzoni, Sabrina (2019). The MIAmaxent R package: Variable transformation and model selection for species distribution models. Ecology and Evolution.  ISSN 2045-7758.  s 1- 14 . doi: 10.1002/ece3.5654
• Liow, Lee Hsiang & Taylor, Paul D. (2019). Cope's Rule in a modular organism: Directional evolution without an overarching macroevolutionary trend. Evolution.  ISSN 0014-3820.  73(9), s 1863- 1872 . doi: 10.1111/evo.13800
• Kistenich, Sonja Daniela; Bendiksby, Mika; Ekman, Stefan; Caceres, MES; Hernández, Jesus E. & Timdal, Einar (2019). Towards an integrative taxonomy of Phyllopsora (Ramalinaceae). The Lichenologist.  ISSN 0024-2829.  51(4), s 323- 392 . doi: 10.1017/S0024282919000252
• Lifjeld, Jan Terje; Gohli, Jostein; Albrecht, Tomas; Garcia-del-Rey, Eduardo; Johannessen, Lars Erik; Kleven, Oddmund; Marki, Petter Zahl; Omotoriogun, Taiwo Crossby; Rowe, Melissah & Johnsen, Arild (2019). Evolution of female promiscuity in Passerides songbirds. BMC Evolutionary Biology.  ISSN 1471-2148.  19(1) . doi: 10.1186/s12862-019-1493-1 Full text in Research Archive. Show summary

  Background: Female promiscuity is highly variable among birds, and particularly among songbirds. Comparative work has identified several patterns of covariation with social, sexual, ecological and life history traits. However, it is unclear whether these patterns reflect causes or consequences of female promiscuity, or if they are byproducts of some unknown evolutionary drivers. Moreover, factors that explain promiscuity at the deep nodes in the phylogenetic tree may be different from those important at the tips, i.e. among closely related species. Here we examine the relationships between female promiscuity and a broad set of predictor variables in a comprehensive data set (N = 202 species) of Passerides songbirds, which is a highly diversified infraorder of the Passeriformes exhibiting significant variation in female promiscuity. Results: Female promiscuity was highly variable in all major clades of the Passerides phylogeny and also among closely related species. We found several significant associations with female promiscuity, albeit with fairly small effect sizes (all R2 ≤ 0.08). More promiscuous species had: 1) less male parental care, particularly during the early stages of the nesting cycle (nest building and incubation), 2) more short-term pair bonds, 3) greater degree of sexual dichromatism, primarily because females were drabber, 4) more migratory behaviour, and 5) stronger premating sexual selection. In a multivariate model, however, the effect of sexual selection disappeared, while the other four variables showed additive effects and together explained about 16% of the total variance in female promiscuity. Female promiscuity showed no relationship with body size, life history variation, latitude or cooperative breeding. Conclusions: We found that multiple traits were associated with female promiscuity, but these associations were generally weak. Some traits, such as reduced parental care in males and more cryptic plumage in females, might even be responses to, rather than causes of, variation in female promiscuity. Hence, the high variation in female promiscuity among Passerides species remains enigmatic. Female promiscuity seems to be a rapidly evolving trait that often diverges between species with similar ecologies and breeding systems. A future challenge is therefore to understand what drives within-lineage variation in female promiscuity over microevolutionary time scales. Keywords: Extrapair paternity, Life history, Mating system, Pair bond, Parental care, Sexual selection

• Vollering, Julien Martin Marie; Halvorsen, Rune; Auestad, Inger & Rydgren, Knut (2019). Bunching up the background betters bias in species distribution models. Ecography.  ISSN 0906-7590.  42, s 1- 11 . doi: 10.1111/ecog.04503 Full text in Research Archive.
• Sandvik, Hanno; Dolmen, Dag; Elven, Reidar; Falkenhaug, Tone; Forsgren, Elisabet; Hansen, Haakon; Hassel, Kristian; Husa, Vivian; Kjærstad, Gaute; Ødegaard, Frode; Pedersen, Hans Christian; Solheim, Halvor; Stokke, Bård Gunnar; Åsen, Per Arvid; Åström, Sandra Charlotte Helene; Brandrud, Tor Erik; Elven, Hallvard; Endrestøl, Anders; Finstad, Anders Gravbrøt; Fredriksen, Stein; Gammelmo, Øivind; Gjershaug, Jan Ove; Gulliksen, Bjørn; Hamnes, Inger Sofie; Hatteland, Bjørn Arild; Hegre, Hanne; Hesthagen, Trygve H.; Jelmert, Anders; Jensen, Thomas Correll; Johnsen, Stein Ivar; Karlsbakk, Egil; Magnusson, Christer; Nedreaas, Kjell Harald; Nordén, Björn; Oug, Eivind; Pedersen, Oddvar; Pedersen, Per Anker; Sjøtun, Kjersti; Skei, Jon Kristian; Solstad, Heidi; Sundheim, Leif; Swenson, Jon; Syvertsen, Per Ole; Talgø, Venche; Vandvik, Vigdis; Westergaard, Kristine Bakke; Wienerroither, Rupert; Ytrehus, Bjørnar; Hilmo, Olga; Henriksen, Snorre & Gederaas, Lisbeth (2019). Alien plants, animals, fungi and algae in Norway: an inventory of neobiota. Biological Invasions.  ISSN 1387-3547.  21(10), s 2997- 3012 . doi: 10.1007/s10530-019-02058-x Full text in Research Archive. Show summary

  We present the results of an inventory and status assessment of alien species in Norway. The inventory covered all known multicellular neobiota, 2496 in total, 1039 of which were classified as naturalised. The latter constitute c. 3% of all species known to be stably reproducing in Norway. These figures are higher than expected from Norway’s latitude, which may be due a combination of climatic and historical factors, as well as sampling effort. Most of the naturalised neobiota were plants (71%),followed by animals (21%) and fungi (8%). The main habitat types colonised were open lowlands (79%), urban environments (52%) and woodlands (42%). The main areas of origin were Europe (67%), North America (15%) and Asia (13%). For most taxa, the rate of novel introductions seems to have been increasing during recent decades. Within Norway, the number of alien species recorded per county was negatively correlated with latitude and positively correlated with human population density. In the high-Arctic territories under Norwegian sovereignty, i.e. Svalbard and Jan Mayen, 104 alien species were recorded, of which 5 were naturalised.

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• Rueness, Eli Knispel; Berg, Paul Ragnar; Gulla, Snorre; Halvorsen, Kim Aleksander Tallaksen; Järnegren, Johanna; Malmstrøm, Martin; Mo, Tor Atle; Rimstad, Espen; de Boer, Hugo; Eldegard, Katrine; Hindar, Kjetil; Hole, Lars Robert; Kausrud, Kyrre; Kirkendall, Lawrence R.; Måren, Inger Elisabeth; Nilsen, Erlend Birkeland; Thorstad, Eva Bonsak; Nielsen, Anders & Velle, Gaute (2019). Assessment of the risk to Norwegian biodiversity from import of wrasses and other cleaner fish for use in aquaculture. Opinion of the Panel on Alien Organisms and Trade in Endangered Species of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment. VKM Report. 2019:15.
• Vollsnes, Ane Victoria; Røyne, Anja; Leira, Torkjell & Torgersen, Eivind (2019, 30. august). Regnskogene er ikke jordas lunger – så hvor kommer oksygenet vi puster fra?. [Tidsskrift].  titan.uio.no.
• Nielsen, Anders; Dolmen, Dag; Höglund, Jacob; Kausrud, Kyrre; Malmstrøm, Martin; Taugbøl, Annette; Vrålstad, Trude; Ytrehus, Bjørnar; de Boer, Hugo; Hindar, Kjetil; Kirkendall, Lawrence R.; Nilsen, Erlend Birkeland; Rueness, Eli Knispel & Velle, Gaute (2019). Assessment of the risk to Norwegian biodiversity from the pathogenic fungi Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal). Opinion of the Panel on Alien Organisms and Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment. VKM Report. 2019:4. Full text in Research Archive.

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